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| Authors (year) | Aim of the study | Subjects | Design of the study | Results and conclusions according to the authors |
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Wȩdrychowska-Szulc and Syryńska (2010) [12] | To examine patients and parents motivation in orthodontic treatment | 674 children who aged 7–18 years and
86 parents who aged 19–42 years | Questionnaire | Children: main reason is for aesthetics; less than 5% is influence of their peers
Parents: 77% seek treatment due to irregular positioning of the teeth, 54% of parents want their children to look nice, and 64% fear of being accused that they neglected their parental duties. Number of patients dissatisfied with the appearance of their teeth increased with age Females demonstrated more concern for appearance than males |
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| Otuyemi and Kolawole (2005) [6] | Perception of orthodontic treatment need. Relationship of the nicknames to dental appearance | 506 randomly selected children | Questionnaire | 77% responders reported teasing; 4.7% of them reported teasing and nicknames because of teeth (equal in boys and girls). The authors conclude that dental appearance may not be a significant contributor to nicknames |
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| Marques et al. (2009) [10] | To determine factors associated to the desire for orthodontic treatment | 403 subjects who aged 14–18 years randomly selected from a population of 182, 291 school children students | Questionnaire | Children: 78% expressed a desire to receive orthodontic treatment; 72% of them believed that orthodontic treatment could improve their quality of life; 41% easier to get a job; 27% thought it would be easier to find a romantic partner; 12% discrimination when smiling on the part of schoolmates; 22% status or trend
Parents: 72% considered it necessary for their child to wear an orthodontic appliance
69% reported that the children were not in treatment due to high costs involved
Anterior crowding ≥2 mm |
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| Bennett et al. (1997) [13] | The demand for children’s orthodontic care | 220 orthodontists and
220 parents | Questionnaire | Orthodontic treatment would enhance oral health and enhance self-esteem |
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Kilpeläinen et al. (1993) [11] | | 313 parents were asked to provide answers instead of their children | Questionnaire | 44% teasing because of teeth. The reason for interest in orthodontic treatment most frequently selected was as follows: 85% appearance of teeth, 46% facial appearance, 16% speech, and 73% dentist’s advice. Parents of children with overjet ≥7 mm are 5.5 times as likely to report that their child had been teased when compared to parents of children with lesser overjet |
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Tung and Kiyak
(1998) [3] | Reasons for orthodontic treatment | 75 children and their parents | Questionnaire | Children: crowding of the teeth (56%), large overbite (17.3%)
Parents: 75% of parents were dissatisfied with the appearance of their children’s teeth; 54% of them wanted their children “to look pretty” |
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| Daniels et al. (2009) [23] | Orthodontic treatment motivation of patient and parents | 227 patients of 7–16 years old and their parents | Questionnaire | 91.6% of the parents and 93.4% of children rated aesthetic concerns as the most important
Parents were significantly more motivated for their child to have orthodontic treatment than their children |
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| Pratelli et al. (1998) [7] | Parental perception and attitudes in orthodontic treatment | 437 parents of 9-year-old children | Questionnaire | Interest on the part of the parents
Parents who had been treated themselves or who desired treatment or regretted not being treated or were dissatisfied with their own occlusion perceived orthodontic need in their child |
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| Miner et al. (2007) [24] | The perception of children’s profiles by mothers | 24 patients and their parents | Computer imaging program | Mothers’ perceptions are the primary motivating factors for seeking orthodontic treatment |
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| Tessarollo et al. (2012) [9] | Dissatisfaction with dental appearance | 704 adolescents who aged 12-13 years | Questionnaire | Missing teeth
Largest maxillary anterior irregularity |
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| Abdullah et al. (2001) [25] | Reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment | 110 patients who aged 11–30 years | Questionnaire | 65% the desire to have better dental appearance
48% attain straight teeth
3% that it was dentist recommendation
5% mentioned that they have been teased due to their dental irregularities
75% felt that their confidence and self-esteem would be increased if their teeth were straightened
64% stated that their social life would be improved
43% believed that their career opportunities would be brighter
20% improve dental health
20% enhance self confidence |
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