Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania
Table 4
Bivariate analysis: self-reported halitosis in relation to oral hygiene practices, oral health status, and general health problems.
Multifactorial characteristics
Whole sample ()
Self-reported halitosis
Chi-square value
value
Yes
No
%
%
%
Oral hygiene practices
Brushing once or less/day
172
43.0
112
57.7
60
29.1
33.36
0.000
Use of chewing stick
51
12.8
29
14.9
22
10.7
1.64
0.201
Changing toothbrush
245
61.2
137
70.6
108
52.4
13.93
0.000
Not using charcoal to clean teeth
365
91.2
171
88.1
194
94.2
4.55
0.033
Not brushing before breakfast
20
5.0
10
5.2
10
4.9
0.02
0.890
Not brushing after breakfast
380
95.0
182
93.8
198
96.1
1.12
0.291
Not brushing before bed
213
53.2
131
67.5
82
39.8
30.84
0.000
Uses toothpaste type TP-B
142
35.5
80
41.2
62
30.1
5.42
0.020
Uses toothpaste type TP-H
101
25.2
32
16.5
69
33.5
15.30
0.000
Uses toothpaste type TP-E
326
81.5
166
85.6
160
77.7
4.13
0.042
Tongue cleaning
166
41.5
110
56.7
56
27.2
35.85
0.000
Use of toothpick
76
19.0
27
13.9
49
23.8
6.32
0.012
Oral health status
Dental hard deposits
128
32.0
93
47.9
35
17.0
43.98
0.000
Food impact between teeth
322
80.5
166
85.6
156
75.7
6.16
0.013
Bleeding gums on tooth brushing
316
79.0
179
92.3
137
66.5
39.97
0.000
Decayed teeth (not yet treated)
184
46.0
104
53.6
80
38.8
8.778
0.003
Loose/mobile teeth
61
15.2
46
23.7
15
7.3
20.87
0.000
Increasing space between teeth
171
42.8
98
50.5
73
34.5
9.28
0.002
Dry mouth
65
16.2
30
15.5
35
17.0
0.17
0.679
General health problems
Hypertension
43
10.8
27
13.9
16
7.8
3.94
0.047
Diabetes
21
5.2
10
5.2
11
5.3
0.01
0.934
Other health/medical problems
87
21.8
47
24.2
40
19.4
1.34
0.244
Each condition presented in this table has basically “Yes and No” alternatives with numerical values corresponding to each individual situation. Only the numerical values corresponding to “Yes” have been presented in this table and the counterpart alternative “No” numerical values have been left out. For example, for the use of chewing stick “Yes versus No,” only the numerical values for “Yes” have been presented in this table while the ones corresponding to “No” have been left out.
