|
| Author/year | Design of study | Patients, n | Mean age (range) | Frequency of use (time) | Evaluation time | Evaluation methods | Groups, n | Color mean (SD): Reduction in score | Difference between groups | Effect of whitening dentifrice |
| Follow-up period | Whitening dentifrice | Control group |
|
| Ghassemi et al. 2012 [23] | Randomized controlled trial | 135 | 38,9 (19–70) | Twice daily (1 minute) | 4 and 6 weeks | Shade guide | G1: Arm & Hammer advanced white ()
G2: Crest cavity protection toothpaste () | Week 4 | (G1) 1.82 (0.80) | (G2) 0.07 (0.42) | G1 × G2 | Positive |
| week 6 | (G1) 2.57 (0.99) | (G2) −0.04 (0.69) | G1 × G2 | Positive |
|
| Ghassemi et al. 2015 [24] | Randomized controlled trial | 178 | 38,5 (18–75) | Twice daily (2 minutes) | 5 days and 2, 4, and 6 weeks | Shade guide | G1: Truly radiant toothpaste ()
G2: Crest 3D white radiant mint toothpaste ()
G3: Colgate cavity protection toothpaste () | Day 5 | (G1) 0.597 | (G3) −0.08 | G1 × G2 | Positive |
| (G2) 0.324 | G1/G2 × G3 |
| week 2 | (G1) 1.172 | (G3) 0.046 | G1 × G2 | Positive |
| (G2) 0.837 | G1/G2 × G3 |
| week 4 | (G1) 1.170 | (G3) 0.107 | G1 × G2 | Positive |
| (G2) 1.326 | G1/G2 × G3 |
| week 6 | (G1) 2.081 | (G3) 0.038 | G1 × G2 | Positive |
| (G2) 1.467 | G1/G2 × G3 |
|
| Gerlach et al. 2001 [20] | Randomized controlled trial | 278 | 43,9 (19–79) | Twice daily (NI) | 4 and 8 weeks | Shade guide | G1: crest extra whitening ()
G2: Arm & Hammer dental care dentifrice () | Week 4 | (G1) 1.04 | (G2) 0.53 | No difference | None |
| week 8 | (G1) 1.42 | (G2) 0.96 | G1 × G2 | Positive |
|
| Isaacs et al. 2001 [21] | Randomized controlled trial | 654 | 43 (NI) | Twice daily (NI) | 4 and 8 weeks | Spectroscopy | G1: Crest extra whitening (silica) ()
G2: Colgate baking soda and peroxide ()
G3: Crest cavity protection () | Week 4 | (G1) 0.05 | (G3) −0.14 | G1 × G3 | Positive |
| (G2) 0.08 | G2 × G3 | Positive |
| week 8 | (G1) 0.03 | (G3) −0.25 | G1 × G3 | Positive |
| (G2) 0.10 | G2 × G3 | Positive |
| | G1 × G2 No difference | |
|
| Kakar et al. 2004 [22] | Randomized controlled trial | 44 | 34,15 (NI) | Twice daily (2 minutes) | 2 weeks and 4 weeks | Shade guide | G1: Colgate simply white ()
G2: control dentifrice () | Week 2 | (G1) 4.04 (1.40) | (G2) 0.41 (0.55) | G1 | Positive |
| week 4 | (G1) 5.17 (1.09) | (G2) 0.53 (0.63) | G1 | Positive |
|
| Horn et al. 2014 [25] | Randomized controlled trial | 60 | NI (19–36) | Three times a day (2-3 minutes) | 2 weeks | Spectroscopy | G1: Colgate total 12 ()
G2: Close-Up white now ()
G3: Oral B 3D white ()
G4: Colgate luminous white () | Week 2 | (G2) −0.7 | (G1) −1.1 | G1 × G2 or G3 No difference | None |
| (G3) −0.3 |
| (G4) −1.7 |
| | G4 × G1 | Positive |
|
| Pintado-Palomino et al. 2016 [7] | Randomized controlled trial | 50 | 22,9 (19–36) | Three times a day (2-3 minutes) | 4 weeks | Spectroscopy | G1: Colgate luminous white ()
G2: Close-Up white now ()
G3: Sorriso () | Week 4 | (G1) 5.1 (2.8) | (G3) 4.4 (3.0) | No difference | None |
| (G2) 6.8 (3.5) |
|
