Plaque Index, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Depressive Symptomatology as Predictors of Clinical Attachment Loss: A Pilot Study

Table 4

One-way analysis of variance for independent groups and multiple pairwise comparisons of means.

Variable	Sample	M (95% CI)	Levene	ANOVA		ω^2	Multiple comparisons
				F
CAL	DPS	4.56 (4.45, 4.68)	31.76	Welch 19.50	<0.001	0.185	Games–Howell:
	MHS	4.05 (3.90, 4.21)					DPS>
	GPS	3.27 (2.56, 3.97)					MHS = GPS
Plaque index	DPS	2.84 (2.68, 3)	8.78	Welch 7.43	<0.001	0.179	Games–Howell:
	MHS	2.74 (2.58, 2.90)					DPS>
	GPS	2.21 (1.92, 2.51)					MHS = GPS
OHHS total score	DPS	1.12 (0.94, 1.30)	1.27^ns	2.90	0.060	0.041	Fisher: DPS > GPS
	MHS	1.18 (0.88, 1.48)					DPS = MHS
	GPS	1.50 (1.22, 1.78)					MHS = GPS
BDI-II total score	DPS	5.86 (4.41, 7.30)	19.07	Welch 63.05	<0.001	0.713	Games–Howell:
	MHS	25.81 (22, 29.61)					MHS>
	GPS	3.69 (2.36, 5.02)					DPS = GPS

Note. Samples: DPS = sample of dental patients with periodontitis, MHS = sample of mental health patients with depressive symptomatology, and GPS = general population sample. Levene = testing statistic of Levene’s test for equality of variance; ns = nonsignificant =  value >0.050 and value ≤ 0.001 or probability value under null hypothesis of equality of variances. ANOVA: F = testing statistic for Fisher’s one-way analysis of variance for independent groups, Welch = testing statistic of Welch’s test for equality of means, and value = probability value under null hypothesis of equality of means. ω² = omega-squared or effect size estimator. Multiple comparisons: groups whose means were statistically different by the Games–Howell test for multiple pairwise comparisons or Fisher's least significant difference test.