Association between Drinking Habits and Oral Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Japanese National Statistical Data

Table 3

Questionnaire responses stratified by drinking habits.

	Heavy drinker	%	Occasional/nondrinker	(%)	Total	%	χ^2 test
Male
Subjective symptoms
Yes	614	52.8	549	47.2	1163	100.0
No	1705	56.4	1320	43.6	3025	100.0
Tooth pain
Yes	46	55.4	37	44.6	83	100.0
No	568	52.6	512	47.4	1080	100.0
Swollen or bleeding gums
Yes	47	59.5	32	40.5	79	100.0
No	567	52.3	517	47.7	1084	100.0
Difficulty chewing
Yes	34	68.0	16	32.0	50	100.0
No	580	52.1	533	47.9	1113	100.0
Outpatient visits
Yes	911	55.2	738	44.8	1649	100.0
No	1406	55.5	1129	44.5	2535	100.0
Outpatient visits for dental diseases
Yes	110	60.1	73	39.9	183	100.0
No	801	54.6	665	45.4	1466	100.0
Opinion about health
Poor	238	48.4	254	51.6	492	100.0
Regular/good	2083	56.4	1613	43.6	3696	100.0
Smoking status
Yes	1000	61.9	615	38.1	1615	100.0
No	1103	49.7	1118	50.3	2221	100.0
Worries or stress
Yes	1081	56.5	832	43.5	1913	100.0
No	1242	54.5	1038	45.5	2280	100.0
Working hours
More than 50 hours/week	742	57.3	553	42.7	1295	100.0
Less than 50 hours/week	1156	56.8	881	43.2	2037	100.0
Impression of lifestyle
Harsh	1443	55.0	1179	45.0	2622	100.0
Regular/comfortable	886	55.9	700	44.1	1586	100.0
Annual income
Less than 6 million yen	1135	52.3	1035	47.7	2170	100.0
More than 6 million yen	1194	58.6	844	41.4	2038	100.0
Female
Subjective symptoms
Yes	292	18.8	1265	81.2	1557	100.0
No	617	21.1	2301	78.9	2918	100.0
Tooth pain
Yes	12	16.2	62	83.8	74	100.0
No	280	18.9	1203	81.1	1483	100.0
Swollen or bleeding gums
Yes	15	15.3	83	84.7	98	100.0
No	277	19.0	1182	81.0	1459	100.0
Difficulty chewing
Yes	11	16.4	56	83.6	67	100.0
No	281	18.9	1209	81.1	1490	100.0
Outpatient visits
Yes	310	17.3	1480	82.7	1790	100.0
No	600	22.4	2079	77.6	2679	100.0
Outpatient visits for dental diseases
Yes	40	14.9	228	85.1	268	100.0
No	270	17.7	1252	82.3	1522	100.0
Opinion about health
Poor	102	19.1	431	80.9	533	100.0
Regular/good	805	20.5	3127	79.5	3932	100.0
Smoking status
Yes	212	38.0	346	62.0	558	100.0
No	657	17.3	3133	82.7	3790	100.0
Worries or stress
Yes	490	20.0	1958	80.0	2448	100.0
No	419	20.7	1605	79.3	2024	100.0
Working hours
More than 50 hours/week	76	25.0	228	75.0	304	100.0
Less than 50 hours/week	536	23.1	1789	76.9	2325	100.0
Impression of lifestyle
Harsh	587	21.1	2201	78.9	2788	100.0
Regular/comfortable	324	19.0	1378	81.0	1702	100.0
Annual income
Less than 6 million yen	487	20.1	1933	79.9	2420	100.0
More than 6 million yen	424	20.5	1646	79.5	2070	100.0

Note: .