Time-Dependent Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Final Irrigation on the Apical Sealing Ability and Push-Out Bond Strength of Root Canal Obturation

Figure 2

The stereomicroscope examination with a magnification of 8x of representative specimens revealed adhesive failure, which showed that the root canal wall had no attached sealer (a); cohesive failure, which exhibited that almost the entire root canal wall was still covered with sealer (b); and mixed failure (mixed between adhesive and cohesive failure), which revealed that some parts of the root canal wall were covered with sealer (c).

(a)

(b)

(c)