Tooth- and Patient-Related Conditions May Influence Root Canal Treatment Indication

Table 2

Prevalence ratio (PR) of tooth- and patient-related factors associated with indication for RCT with () and without () adjustments in 95% of confidence intervals (95% CI) using Poisson regression analysis.

Independent variables	PR (95% CI)		PR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	1
Female	0.68 (0.40–1.18)	0.169
Age
18 to 39 years	1		1
40 to 59 years	0.49 (0.20–1.19)	0.116	0.91 (0.24–3.37)	0.883
≥60 years	2.06 (1.04–4.08)	0.039	0.88 (0.26–2.95)	0.832
Age at the first dental visit
<7 years	1		1
7 to 20 years	0.96 (0.41–2.24)	0.920	0.65 (0.23–1.84)	0.419
>20 years	1.73 (0.62–4.82)	0.292	5.03 (1.15–22.0)	0.032
Frequency of dental hygiene
≥3 times	1
≤2 times	1.34 (0.78–2.31)	0.294
Number of permanent teeth
≥29 teeth	1
23 to 28 teeth	1.08 (0.56–2.09)	0.820
17 to 22 teeth	0.72 (0.27–1.90)	0.507
≤16 teeth	1.44 (0.58–3.59)	0.435
Number of teeth with previous RCT
None	1		1
1 tooth	0.54 (0.29–0.98)	0.044	0.33 (0.13–0.83)	0.018
2 to 3 teeth	0.64 (0.29–1.42)	0.274	0.43 (0.07–2.45)	0.338
≥4 teeth	0.62 (0.17–2.32)	0.476	1.38 (0.27–7.07)	0.697
Tooth position
Mandible	1
Maxilla	1.09 (0.58–2.08)	0.784
Tooth group
Incisor/canine	1		1
Premolar	0.46 (0.25–0.83)	0.009	0.36 (0.15–0.85)	0.020
Molar	0.13 (0.02–0.88)	0.037	0.20 (0.03–1.61)	0.130
Waiting time for RCT
Up to 15 days	1
15 to 30 days	0.58 (0.15–2.23)	0.424
≥30 days	1.54 (0.87–2.75)	0.140
Pulpal diagnosis^a
Necrosis	1
Asymptomatic pulpitis^b	0.96 (0.44–2.11)	0.920
Symptomatic pulpitis^b	0.48 (0.18–1.28)	0.140
Periapical diagnosis
PAI 1	1
PAI 2 and 3	1.22 (0.66–2.24)	0.523
PAI 4 and 5	0.98 (0.46–2.10)	0.967
Consideration of patient’s report during diagnosis^c
No	1
Yes	0.54 (0.32–0.94)	0.029
Symptomatic at the clinical appointment
No	1
Yes	0.85 (0.48–1.50)	0.563
Pain duration before RCT
Without pain	1
Up to 15 days	0.97 (0.40–2.32)	0.936
16 to 30 days	1.05 (0.49–2.25)	0.908
>30 days	0.72 (0.36–1.45)	0.362
Dental crown condition
Healthy	1		1
Satisfactory restoration	0.33 (0.08–1.36)	0.126	0.39 (0.22–1.03)	0.097
Unsatisfactory restoration	0.32 (0.15–0.69)	0.004	0.25 (0.07–0.74)	0.001
Dental caries	0.31 (0.14–0.71)	0.005	0.18 (0.04–0.44)	0.001
Crown fracture or wear caused by bruxism	0.80 (0.35–1.82)	0.594	0.89 (0.15–6.42)	0.180
Type of restorative material^d
Temporary material	1		1
Composite resin	2.36 (0.95–5.85)	0.065	2.00 (0.69–5.81)	0.204
Amalgam	1.29 (0.29–5.70)	0.741	3.89 (0.80–19.0)	0.093
Number of restored surfaces^d
1 face	1
2 faces	0.46 (0.16–1.29)	0.139
≥3 faces	1.08 (0.43–2.73)	0.871
Tooth substance loss
None	1
≤1/3	0.86 (0.33–2.24)	0.750
1/2	1.31 (0.47–3.69)	0.606
≥2/3	1.85 (0.62–5.52)	0.268
Indication for periodontal surgery
No	1
Yes	1.43 (0.73–2.79)	0.294
Type of restoration after RCT
Direct	1
Indirect	1.16 (0.62–2.18)	0.643

RCT, root canal treatment; PAI, periapical index score. ^aStatistical analysis was performed using 198 teeth, only including cases presenting some pulpal alteration (necrosis or pulpitis). ^bIrreversible pulpitis diagnosis. ^cSum of both patient’s report during the anamnesis and clinical tests (e.g., cold sensibility test, tenderness to percussion and palpation). ^dStatistical analysis was performed using 112 teeth, only including cases presenting some restorative material.