Research Article
Orthodontic Treatment as a Protective Factor for Dental Caries Experience and Severity: A Population-Based Study
Table 2
Characteristics of the study participants who received previous orthodontic treatment (n = 9486).
| Characteristics | History of orthodontic treatment (n = 1125), % (SE) |
| Age (%) | <24 y (n = 2241) | 30.35 (2.10) | ≥24 y and <39 y (n = 4701) | 19.42 (1.35) | ≥39 y (n = 2544) | 12.37 (0.98) |
| Gender (%) | Male (n = 4262) | 15.83 (1.21) | Female (n = 5224) | 23.21 (1.17) |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | Non-Hispanic Caucasian (n = 2927) | 23.97 (1.15) | Non-Hispanic African-American (n = 3204) | 5.18 (0.45) | Mexican-American (n = 2940) | 7.84 (0.55) | Others (n = 415) | 11.59 (2.39) |
| Socioeconomic status (%) | Low SES: 0–1.3 PIR (n = 3004) | 12.78 (1.45) | Medium SES: >1.3–3.5 PIR (n = 3857) | 17.58 (1.11) | High SES: >3.5 PIR and above (n = 2625) | 25.00 (1.38) |
| Education level (%) | Less than high school (n = 3105) | 9.65 (1.34) | High school or more (n = 6381) | 22.18 (1.01) |
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SE, standard error. Significant value at α < 0.05. |