Abstract
The conjugacy of a discrete semidynamical system and its partially decoupled discrete semidynamical system in a Banach space is proved in a neighbourhood of the nontrivial invariant manifold.
1. Introduction
The conjugacy for noninvertible mappings in a Banach space was considered by Aulbach and Garay [1–3]. For noninvertible mappings in a complete metric space it was extended and generalized by Reinfelds [4–9]. In the present paper we consider the case when the linear part of the noninvertible mapping depends on the behaviour of variables in a neighbourhood of the nontrivial invariant manifold.
2. Invariant Manifold
Let and be Banach spaces, , and . Consider the following mapping defined by where the derivative of the diffeomorphism is uniformly continuous ≤ , mappings , , and are Lipschitzian,
At the beginning we will modify the previous results on the existence of invariant manifolds of Neĭmark and Sacker [10, 11] for (1).
Lemma 1. If then there exists a continuous mapping satisfying the following properties:(i);(ii);(iii).
Proof. The set of continuous mappings ,
equipped with the norm
is a Banach space. The set
is a closed subset of the Banach space .
Let us consider the mapping , defined by the equality
where
If then
We have
It follows
Then
Let us note that
We obtain
We get that is contraction and consequently we have the invariant manifold .
3. Conjugacy of Noninvertible Mappings
Definition 2. Two mappings are conjugate, if there exists a homeomorphism such that
Definition 3. Two discrete semidynamical systems are conjugate, if there exists a homeomorphism such that
It is easily verified that two discrete semidynamical systems and , generated by mappings and , are conjugate if and only if the mappings and are conjugate.
Suppose that mapping (1) has an invariant manifold given by Lipschitzian mapping such that Our aim is to find a simpler mapping conjugated with (1).
Theorem 4. If , then there exists a continuous mapping which is Lipschitzian with respect to the second variable such that mappings (1) and are conjugated in a small neighbourhood of the invariant manifold .
We will seek the mapping establishing the conjugacy of (1) and (18) in the form We get the following functional equation: or equivalently The proof of the theorem consists of four lemmas.
Lemma 5. The functional equation (20) has a unique solution in .
Proof. The set of continuous mappings ,
becomes a Banach space if we use the norm . The set
is a closed subset of the Banach space .
Let us consider the mapping , defined by the equality
First we obtain
Here we used Hadamard lemma:
Next we get
In addition,
We choose , where , such that
Then , , the mapping is a contraction, and consequently the functional equation (20) has unique solution in .
Next we will prove that the mapping is a homeomorphism in the small neighbourhood of the invariant manifold . Let us consider the functional equation or equivalently
Lemma 6. The functional equation (30) has a unique solution in .
Proof. The set
is a closed subset of the Banach space .
Let us consider the mapping , defined by the equality
We have
We obtain
We get that is a contraction and consequently the functional equation (30) has a unique solution in .
Consider the mapping defined by equality .
Lemma 7. One has .
Proof. Let us consider the functional equation or equivalently It is easily verified that the functional equation (36) has the trivial solution. Let us prove the uniqueness of the solution in , where is a closed subset of the Banach space . We get It follows that . The mapping , where also satisfies the functional equation (36). Using the change of variables in (30) we get Using (20), we obtain Let us note that Therefore and we have We obtain that .
Lemma 8. One has .
Proof. The set of continuous mappings ,
becomes a Banach space if we use the norm . The set
is a closed subset of the Banach space .
Let us consider the functional equation
or equivalently
Let us consider the mapping , defined by the equality
We obtain
In addition,
Let and where
We have
Then , , the mapping is a contraction, and consequently the functional equation (47) has a unique solution in . Moreover, this solution is also unique in the closed subset . Let us note that
The mapping , where
satisfies (47). Using the change of variables in (20) we get
Using (30) we obtain
Let us note that
Therefore and we have
It follows that .
Finally we conclude that the mapping is a homeomorphism establishing a conjugacy of the noninvertible mappings (1) and (18).
Conflict of Interests
The author declares that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Acknowledgment
This work was partially supported by Grant no. 345/2012 of the Latvian Council of Science.