Modeling and Analysis of Integrated Pest Control Strategies via Impulsive Differential Equations

Figure 3

Numerical continuation of periodic solutions of system (14) with pests and natural enemies coexisting in the ecosystem, computed for impulse period . (a)–(f) show the continuation with respect to , , , , , and , respectively. In each diagram, two curves are shown, corresponding to the peak values of pest (, green) and natural enemy (, black) populations. (g) and (h) present time histories for which .