Research Article
C-Peptide Versus Insulin: Relationships with Risk Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic Syndrome in Young Arab Females
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of normal-weight (Group I (
)) versus overweight/obese females (Group II (
)).
| | Variables | Group I mean (SD) | Group II mean (SD) | Percentage difference (%) | value |
| | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.4 (2.5) | 30.8 (4.5) | 30.5 | <0.001 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 66.9 (5.2) | 83.7 (10.3) | 20.1 | <0.001 | | C-peptide (ng/mL) | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.5 (0.7) | 14.7 | 0.02 | | hs-C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.6 (5.3) | 5.3 (5.7) | 51.4 | 0.03 | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68 (9.7) | 73 (10.4) | 6.8 | 0.03 | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109.8 (9.8) | 115 (9.3) | 4.5 | 0.02 | | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/mL) | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.3) | 2.0 | 0.25 | | Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 6.5 (3.8) | 10.6 (6.0) | 38 | <0.001 | | HbA1c (%) | 3.9 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4 | 0.08 | | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 150 (26.7) | 156 (20.9) | 3.9 | 0.28 | | Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 64.1 (24.8) | 73.1 (27.8) | 12.3 | 0.13 | | HDL-C* (mg/dL) | 63.1 (13.6) | 56.1 (10.1) | −12.4 | 0.01 | | LDL** (mg/dL) | 75.6 (22.2) | 83.5 (20.8) | 9.4 | 0.11 | | Uric acid (mg/dL) | 3.3 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.9) | 18.9 | <0.001 | | Leptin (ng/mL) | 20.3 (9.7) | 37.7 (14.8) | 46.2 | <0.001 | | Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 13.4 (1.4) | 13.0 (1.1) | −2.5 | 0.27 | | HOMA-IR | 1.3 (0.8) | 2.1 (1.3) | 39.8 | <0.001 |
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*High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, **low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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