The Role of “Mixed” Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Signals and Autoantibodies Reacting with Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides and Peptides of the Adipose Tissue-Gut-Brain Axis: Relevance to Food Intake and Nutritional Status in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Table 2

Summary of the most relevant changes of adipose tissue-gut-brain axis plasma peptides inhibiting appetite in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), and the presence of autoantibodies against leptin and peptide YY (PYY) in healthy women. Cholecystokinin (CCK), immunoglobulin (Ig) G, and IgA classes.

Peptides inhibiting hunger and food intake and autoantibodies against peptides	AN		BN
	Acute phase	Weight restored	Acute phase	Recovered
Leptin	↓	→	→ ↓	→
Leptin (response to test meal)	→		→
Leptin (response to the exercise)	↓		↓
Autoantibodies against leptin in healthy women (IgG, IgA)
CCK	↑ →	→	↓ →	↓ →
CCK (response to test meal)	↑ →	→	↓/blunted
PYY3--36	→ ↑ ↓		→	↑ →
PYY3--36 (response to test meal)	↑/blunted	→	↓/blunted/↑
Autoantibodies against PYY in healthy women (IgG, IgA)
Obestatin	↑ →	↓	→ ↑
Obestatin (response to test meal)	↓ →		↓ →

↑: higher than healthy controls, ↓: lower than healthy controls, and →: not different from healthy controls.