Past Obesity as well as Present Body Weight Status Is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 1

Characteristics of study subjects.

	Total	Continuously lean	Previous obesity	Current obesity	𝑃 value
Age	59.3±10.6	61.1±9.4	60.4±10.0	56.7±11.6	<0.01
Sex (male/female)	2038/889	486/243	870/345	682/301	ns
BMI	24.0±4.0	20.5±2.1	22.6±1.7	28.3±3.2	<0.01
Max. BMI	27.7±4.3	23.0±1.7	27.5±2.3	31.4±4.1	<0.01
Disease duration (years)	10.4±28.0	10.4±8.4	12.2±42.2	8.2±7.8	<0.01
SBP (mmHg)	132±18	131±17	132±18	133±18	ns
DBP (mmHg)	75±11	74±11	75±11	75±10	ns
FPG (mmol/L)	9.9±4.0	9.5±4.0	9.9±4.1	10.2±3.9	ns
HbA1c (%)	9.3±2.8	9.1±2.7	9.5±3.4	9.3±2.0	<0.05
TC (mmol/L)	5.3±1.2	5.3±1.0	5.2±1.0	5.5±1.6	<0.01
HDL (mmol/L)	1.3±0.5	1.5±0.5	1.3±0.4	1.2±0.3	<0.01
TG (mmol/L)	1.6±1.4	1.4±0.2	1.5±1.1	1.9±1.6	<0.01
Cr (mmol/L)	66.3±19.4	64.5±16.8	66.3±19.4	68.9±20.3	<0.01
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	81.8±28.8	81.4±20.5	83.1±31.1	80.6±31.0	ns
Retinopathy; (none/simple/proliferative)	2111/505/311	558/116/55	824/225/166	729/164/90	<0.01

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. Differences in baseline characteristics among the obesity categories were analyzed by ANOVA and chi-squared test. The numbers of each stage of diabetic retinopathy are noted on the row of retinopathy. SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FPG: fasting blood glucose, TC: total cholesterol, HDL: HDL cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, ns: not significant.