Gut Microbiota, Microinflammation, Metabolic Profile, and Zonulin Concentration in Obese and Normal Weight Subjects

Table 4

The univariate correlations of study parameters in the whole group of subjects.

	Zonulin	TNF-α	sTNFR1	sTNFR2	IL-6
Age	𝑅=0.43^∧	𝑅=0.21	𝑅=0.25 *	𝑅=0.27 *	𝑅=0.25 *
Body mass	𝑅=0.34 **	𝑅=0.29 *	𝑅=0.6^∧	𝑅=0.3 *	𝑅=0.51^∧
BMI	𝑅=0.41^∧	𝑅=0.30 *	𝑅=0.67^∧	𝑅=0.35 **	𝑅=0.58^∧
Fat mass	𝑅=0.42^∧	𝑅=0.29 *	𝑅=0.61^∧	𝑅=0.33 **	𝑅=0.57^∧
Fat percentage	𝑅=0.40^∧	𝑅=0.22	𝑅=0.48^∧	𝑅=0.29 *	𝑅=−0.52^∧
Diet
Total energy intake	𝑅=0.27 *	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=0.30 **	𝑅=0.27 *	𝑅=0.31 **
Fat	𝑅=0.15	𝑅=0.16	𝑅=0.15	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=0.29 *
Carbohydrates	𝑅=−0.01	𝑅=−0.15	𝑅=−0.02	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=−0.19
Protein	𝑅=−0.23 *	𝑅=0.05	𝑅=−0.02	𝑅=−0.12	𝑅=−0.11
Fiber	𝑅=0.08	𝑅=0.06	𝑅=0.14	𝑅=0.07	𝑅=−0.01
Biochemical parameters
Glucose	𝑅=0.18 *	𝑅=0.01	𝑅=0.08	𝑅=0.11	𝑅=0.05
Insulin	𝑅=0.12	𝑅=0.13	𝑅=0.26 *	𝑅=0.27 *	𝑅=0.41^∧
HOMA-IR	𝑅=0.15	𝑅=0.17	𝑅=0.25 *	𝑅=0.26 *	𝑅=0.37 **
HgbA1c	𝑅=0.08	𝑅=0.12	𝑅=0.01	𝑅=0.07	𝑅=0.20
Total cholesterol	𝑅=0.09	𝑅=0.05	𝑅=−0.06	𝑅=−0.12	𝑅=−0.09
HDL-cholesterol	𝑅=−0.07	𝑅=−0.32 **	𝑅=−0.33 **	𝑅=−0.21	𝑅=−0.38 **
LDL-cholesterol	𝑅=0.21	𝑅=0.09	𝑅=0.01	𝑅=−0.09	𝑅=0.02
Triglycerides	𝑅=0.19	𝑅=0.12	𝑅=0.22	𝑅=0.13	𝑅=0.28 *
TNF-α	𝑅=−0.01	—	𝑅=0.25 *	𝑅=0.13	𝑅=0.37 **
sTNFR1	𝑅=0.34 **	𝑅=0.25 *	—	𝑅=0.61^∧	𝑅=0.34 **
sTNFR2	𝑅=0.16	𝑅=0.13	𝑅=0.61^∧	—	𝑅=0.30 **
IL-6	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=0.33 **	𝑅=0.37 **	𝑅=0.30 **	—
Gut microbiota
Total bacterial count	𝑅=0.26 *	𝑅=−0.06	𝑅=0.33 **	𝑅=0.18	𝑅=0.08
Bacteroides count	𝑅=0.08	𝑅=0.11	𝑅=0.17	𝑅=0.10	𝑅=0.11
Firmicutes count	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=−0.22	𝑅=−0.07	𝑅=−0.11	𝑅=−0.02
Percentage of Bacteroides	𝑅=−0.02	𝑅=0.10	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=0.01	𝑅=0.06
Percentage of Firmicutes	𝑅=−0.05	𝑅=−0.18	𝑅=−0.19	𝑅=−0.21	𝑅=−0.08
Firmicutes/Bacteroides index	𝑅=0.04	𝑅=0.20	𝑅=0.16	𝑅=0.09	𝑅=0.09

^∗𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01; ^∧𝑃<0.001.