Changes in Serum Levels of Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 and Inflammatory Cytokines after Bariatric Surgery in Severely Obese Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Comparison of clinical characteristics of severely obese Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes between remission and nonremission groups.

	Remission (𝑛=40)			Nonremission (𝑛=17)
	Preoperative	12 months	𝑃 value	Preoperative	12 months	𝑃 value
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL	177.3±40.7^∗	104.0±12.9	<0.001	203.1±66.1	149.8±51.0	<0.001
HbA1c, %	8.3±1.5^∗	5.7±0.4	<0.001	9.2±1.7	7.3±0.9	<0.001
BMI, kg/m^2	34.4±4.5	26.1±4.1	<0.001	33.2±3.4	25.8±3.1	<0.001
Visceral fat area, cm^2	169.2±51.6^∗	66.8±35.5	<0.001	215.7±53.3	101.3±33.6	<0.001
Subcutaneous fat area, cm^2	360.5±122.4	212.8±122.7	<0.001	303.8±103.6	193.2±74.3	<0.001
Visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio	0.53±0.26^∗	0.37±0.22	<0.001	0.79±0.29	0.57±0.18	0.012
PAI-I, ng/mL	37.7±20.7^∗	18.5±8.2	<0.001	58.2±27.2	23.6±13.5	<0.001
FFA, µEq/L	844.1±346.1	462.4±164.0	<0.001	863.5±306.5	494.4±232.4	0.001
hsCRP, mg/L	15.3±17.8	0.52±0.43	<0.001	12.9±15.7	0.74±0.81	0.009
BMP4, pg/mL	18.7±5.1	11.8±7.3	0.054	17.8±9.8	13.9±7.4	0.564

^∗𝑃<0.05 when compared with those of preoperative in the nonremission group.