25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Severity of Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Patient characteristics of the study population and association with HY stages.

Characteristics	HY				𝑃 value	𝛽 (95% Cl)
	1–1.5; (𝑛=46)	2–2.5; (𝑛=38)	3; (𝑛=22)	4-5; (𝑛=3)
Age (years) mean ± SD	58.33±1.12	63.55±1.10	63.55±1.31	66.25±1.59	0.02	0.03 (0.00, 0.06)
Sex (M/F)	32/20	32/8	17/12	3/1	0.39	0.37 (−0.49, 1.25)
Disease duration (months) mean ± SD	48.00±4.00	63.90±5.50	63.93±4.80	63.25±1.02	0.05	0.00 (0.00, 0.01)
Calcium (mg/dL) mean ± SD	9.30±0.50	9.20±0.44	9.31±0.55	9.40±0.29	0.52	−0.30 (−1.26, 0.64)
Phosphorus (mg/dL) mean ± SD	3.40±0.25	3.34±0.21	3.38±0.18	3.45±0.05	0.27	1.21 (−0.97, 3.40)
ALP (IU/L) mean ± SD	1.76±6.03	1.84±6.18	1.92±7.20	1.63±9.61	0.41	0.00 (−0.00, 0.00)
PTH (ng/mL) mean ± SD	41.80±1.70	46.05±2.16	47.72±1.76	63.66±2.71	0.07	0.01 (−0.00, 0.03)

HY stages—Stage 1: unilateral symptoms only; Stage 1.5: unilateral and axial involvement; Stage 2: bilateral symptoms, no impairment of balance; Stage 2.5: mild bilateral disease with recovery on pull test; Stage 3: balance impairment, mild to moderate disease, physically independent; Stage 4: severe disability, but still able to walk or stand unassisted; Stage 5: needing a wheelchair or bedridden unless assisted.
𝑃 value was evaluated with single-ordered logistic regression model for HY scale. HY: Hoehn & Yahr; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; 𝛽: regression coefficient; CI: confidence interval.