Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Figure 4

Cumulative meta-analysis for changes in FN BMD. Cumulative meta-analysis, ordered by year, for point estimate standardized effect size changes (𝑔) in FN BMD. The black squares represent the standardized mean difference (𝑔) while the left and right extremes of the squares represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The results of each corresponding study are pooled with all studies preceding it. The middle of the black diamond represents the overall standardized mean difference (𝑔) while the left and right extremes of the diamond represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Negative results favor control groups while positive results favor exercise groups.