Relation of Epicardial Fat Thickness with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients with type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls.

Parameters	DM (𝑛=139)	Controls (𝑛=40)	𝑃 value
Age (years)	54.3 ± 9.2	52.1 ± 7.3	0.109
Gender (male, %)	49.6%	50%	0.968
Disease duration (yrs)	6.5 ± 3.9	—	—
Hypertension (%)	41%	35%	0.494
Smoking (%)	20.9%	15%	0.410
Hyperlipidaemia (%)	35.3%	32.5%	0.747
Family history of CAD (%)	16.5%	15%	0.815
Epicardial fat thickness (mm)	6.0±1.5	4.42±1.0	<0.001
Carotid artery intima-media thickness (mm)	0.76±0.17	0.57±0.14	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	27.6±3.1	29.1±4.2	0.03
Waist circumference (cm)	90.8±9.3	89.1±11.2	0.392
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	133.9±17.6	129.4±12.4	0.209
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)*	78 (40–100)	80 (60–90)	0.440
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	147±38.8	94.1±6.3	<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.88±0.15	0.77±0.17	0.03
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	199.1±28.1	198.4±23.9	0.933
LDL (mg/dL)	116.1±25.0	118.3±18.0	0.734
HDL (mg/dL)	43.5±9.4	46.6±10.0	0.247
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	172±72.7	163.2±85.2	0.681
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	3.0 (2–13.1)	1.9 (0.93–7.6)	0.002
HbA1c (%)	7.4±1.2	5.1±0.41	<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.2±1.6	14.3±1.7	0.741
Platelets (×10^9/L)	276.2±70.4	251.5±42.9	0.167

Data are presented as mean ± s.d. or 𝑛 (%). CAD: coronary artery disease; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein. *Diastolic blood pressure is presented as the median (min–max).