Citation
, genderGroup Exercise program Diet restriction Duration of intervention Preadiponectin (μ g/mL) Postadiponectin (μ g/mL) P valueChanges of body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and % body fat mass (% BFM) Aerobic exercise
Blüher et al. [65 ] 9 m, 11 f Normal glucose tolerance Exercise training consisted of 20 min of warming and cool-down periods, 20 min of running or biking, and 20 min of swimming on 3 times/week None 4 weeks 8.7 ± 0.6 9.8 ± 0.6
BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease 9 m, 11 f Impaired glucose tolerance Same as above None 4 weeks 3.4 ± 0.26 6.7 ± 0.7
BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease 11 m, 9 f T2DM Same as above None 4 weeks 3.5 ± 0.4 6.5 ± 0.6
BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease Oberbach et al. [66 ] 9 m, 11 f Normal glucose tolerance Exercise training consisted of 20 min warming and cool-down periods, 20 min of running or biking, and 20 min of powertraining None 4 weeks NS BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease 9 m, 11 f Impaired glucose tolerance Same as above None 4 weeks Increase
BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease 11 m, 9 f T2DM Same as above None 4 weeks Increase
BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease Boudou et al. [38 ] 8 m T2DM control None None 8 weeks 7.30 ± 2.55 7.05 ± 2.10 NS BM and BMI: NS; visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (cm2 ): NS 8 m T2DM exercise Endurance exercise (75% VO2 peak, 45 min) twice a week, with intermittent exercise (five 2 min exercises at 85% VO2 peak separated by 3 min exercises at 50% VO2 peak) once a week, on a cycle ergometer None 8 weeks 6.30 ± 2.75 6.00 ± 3.50 NS BM and BMI: NS; visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (cm2 ): decrease O'Leary et al. [67 ] 4 m, 7 f Older insulin-resistant exercise + hypocaloric diet Aerobic exercise for 60 min at 80–85% HRM on 5 times/week Diet with total energy content calculated to reduce body weight by 10–15% (~1,300 kcal/day). 12 weeks 7.6 ± 0.9 6.6 ± 1.0 NS BM, BMI, and FM: decrease 3 m, 7 f Older insulin-resistant exercise + eucaloric diet Same as above Weight maintenance diet that consisted of their usual food consumption (~1,800 kcal/day) 7.7 ± 1.2 6.8 ± 1.6 NS BM, BMI, and FM: decrease Polak et al. [42 ] 25 f Obese premenopausal Aerobic exercise (aerobic exercise performed in gymnasium and cycleergometer) for 45 min on 5 times/week at 50%
O2 max None 12 weeks 10.9 ± 6.1 10.0 ± 4.4 NS BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease Nassis et al. [68 ] 21 f Overweight/obese girls Aerobic training for 40 min (10 min of warm up, 25 min of physical training games, and 5 minutes of cool down) on 3 times/week None 12 weeks 9.57 ± 3.01 9.08 ± 2.32 NS BM, BMI, and % BFM: NS Christiansen et al. [32 ] 9 m, 10 f Obese exercise Aerobic exercise for 65–75 min on 3 times/week (energy expenditure of 500–600 kcal/session) None 12 weeks NS BM and BMI: NS Changes in body weight after intervention were 3.5% 10 m, 11 f Obese exercise + hypocaloric diet Same as above Very low energy diet (800 kcal/day) for 8 weeks followed by a weight maintenance diet for 4 weeks 12 weeks Increase
BM and BMI: NS Changes in body weight after intervention were 11.1% 10 m, 9 f Obese hypocaloric diet None Very low energy diet (600 kcal/day) for 8 weeks followed by a weight maintenance diet for 4 weeks 12 weeks Increase
BM and BMI: NS Changes in body weight after intervention were 10.5% Bruun et al. [33 ] 11 m, 12 f Obese Exercise training consisted of at least 2-3 h of moderate intensity physical activity (e.g., walking, swimming, aerobics) on 5 times/week Hypocaloric diet calculated to reduce the subject’s body weight by ~1%/week 15 weeks 5.2 ± 0.6 6.9 ± 0.5
BM, BMI, and FM: decrease Hulver et al. [69 ] 8 m, 3 f Nonobese exercise Treadmill walking/running, stair climbing, and cycling for 45 min at 65–80%
O2 max on 4 times/week None 6 months 6.3 ± 1.5 6.6 ± 1.8 NS BM, BMI, and FM: NS 3 m, 11 f Obese weight loss None Gastric bypass surgery 6 months 4.4 ± 0.8 13.6 ± 2.2
BM and BMI: decrease Kondo et al. [45 ] 8 f Nonobese control None None 7 months 8.3 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 2.3 NS BM, BMI: NS; FM and % BFM: decrease 8 f Obese Exercise training (fast slope walking, slope jogging, dumbbells, stretching, leg cycling, jumping rope) for 30–60 min at 60–70% HRM on 4-5 times/week None 7 months 2.4 ± 1.3 4.2 ± 1.2
BM, BMI, FM, and % BFM: decrease Hsieh and Wang [48 ] 22 m, 30 f Younger T2DM Endurance exercise for 20 min at 50–74% HRM Subjects were prescribed a diet with 500 kcal/day deficit. 1 year 4.13 ± 0.88 5.47 ± 0.59
BMI, and % BFM: decrease 20 m, 30 f Older T2DM Same as above Same as above 1 year 4.26 ± 0.97 6.56 ± 0.86
BMI, and % BFM: decrease Resistance exercise Fatouros et al. [50 ] 10 m Overweight elderly control None None 24 weeks 7.22 ± 2.7 7.84 ± 3.5 NS BM and BMI: NS 14 m Overweight elderly low- intensity RT Resistance training for approximately 60 min on 3 times/week at 45–50% of 1RM None 24 weeks 7.45 ± 2.3 8.48 ± 2.2 NS BM: NS; BMI: decrease 12 m Overweight elderly moderate- intensity RT Resistance training for approximately 60 min on 3 times/week at 60–65% of 1RM None 24 weeks 7.79 ± 1.4 9.48 ± 1.1
BM: NS; BMI: decrease 14 m Overweight elderly high- intensity RT Resistance training for approximately 60 min on 3 times/week at 80–85% of 1RM None 24 weeks 7.04 ± 1.6 11.36 ± 1.6
BM: NS; BMI: decrease