Differences in the Cardiometabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes according to Gender and the Presence of Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the eControl Study

Table 1

Demographic, clinical characteristics, and degree of cardiometabolic control by gender and presence of .

	All patients		CVD		No CVD
	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
	= 153,987	= 132,804	= 34,283	= 18,382	= 119,704	= 114,422
CV risk factors
Age, mean (SD), years	66.4 (11.3)	70.3 (11.1)	70.9 (9.6)	75.6 (8.7)	65.1 (11.4)	69.4 (11.2)
Diabetes duration, mean (SD), years	6.2 (4.8)	6.9 (5.3)	7.3 (5.5)	8.3 (6.4)	5.9 (4.5)	6.7 (5.1)
Hypertension, %	58.6	69.7	69.5	81.5	55.4	67.8
Systolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg	136.9 (13.6)	137.5 (14)	136.1 (14.3)	138 (14.7)	137.2 (13.4)	137.5 (13.8)
Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mmHg	76.6 (8.5)	76.2 (8.1)	73.8 (8.4)	73.6 (8.2)	77.5 (8.3)	76.6 (8)
Diabetic retinopathy, %	5.6	6.1	8.3	10.9	4.8	5.4
Diabetic nephropathy, %	20.7	12.3	26.7	18.3	19	11.3
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m^2	28.8 (4.3)	30.5 (5.6)	28.6 (4.1)	30.1 (5.4)	28.9 (4.3)	30.6 (5.6)
HbA1c, %	7.2 (1.5)	7.1 (1.4)	7.1 (1.4)	7.2 (1.4)	7.2 (1.5)	7.1 (1.4)
Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL	186.2 (38.2)	198.4 (38)	171.5 (36.9)	185.6 (39.4)	190.5 (37.5)	200.4 (37.3)
HDL-cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL	46.2 (12.3)	52.7 (13.4)	44.4 (11.8)	50.2 (12.9)	46.7 (12.4)	53.1 (13.4)
LDL-cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL	109.7 (32.2)	115.6 (32.3)	97.1 (30.7)	104.4 (32.5)	113.6 (31.6)	117.4 (31.9)
Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL	158.5 (117.3)	153.5 (88.7)	153.4 (106.8)	156.3 (91.8)	160 (120.3)	153.1 (88.2)
Smoking status, %
Non smokers	43.5	88	42.4	90.1	43.8	87.6
Current smokers	23.9	6.2	18.1	3.8	25.6	6.6
Ex-smoker	32.6	5.8	39.5	6.1	30.6	5.8
Degree of CVRF control
HbA1c ≤ 7%, %	55.8	56.5	55	54.6	56	56.8
BMI ≤ 30 kg/m^2, %	61	47.3	62.5	49.7	60.6	46.9
BP ≤ 140/90 mmHg, %	63.9	63.1	65.5	62.1	63.5	63.2
LDL-cholesterol ≤ 130 mg/dL, % (PP)	75.2	69.4	86.3	80.2	71.8	67.7
LDL-cholesterol ≤ 100 mg/dL, % (SP)	41.3	34.2	58.8	49.2	35.9	31.7
HbA1c ≤ 7% + BP ≤ 140/90 mmHg + LDL ≤ 130 mg/dL, %	28.5	25.6	33.1	28.9	27.0	25.1
HbA1c ≤ 7% + BP ≤ 140/90 mmHg + LDL ≤ 100 mg/dL, %	15.7	12.4	22.8	17.7	13.5	11.5

All variables showed significant differences between sexes () and between CVD and no CVD in both men and women (), except for HbA1c: in men and in women. BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease; PP: primary prevention; SD: standard deviation; SP: secondary prevention.