Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men

Table 1

Association of low testosterone levels with all-cause mortality by different cut-offs from recent studies.

Cut-off for the definition of low total testosterone (TT)	MMAS; [8]; TT < 6.94 nmol/L; (200 ng/dL)	Wang; [31]; TT < 8.0 nmol/L; (230 ng/dL)	Rancho Bernardo; [7]; TT < 8.36 nmol/L; (241 ng/dL)	Male veterans study; [32]; TT < 8.7 nmol/L; (250 ng/dL)	HIM; [33]; TT < 10.41 nmol/L; (300 ng/dL)	EPIC; [6]; TT < 12.5 nmol/L; (360 ng/dL)	Age-specific cut-off; <10th percentile
Low TT (𝑛)	34	69	82	98	241	474
Model 1	1.59 (0.83; 4.02)	1.96 (0.93; 3.63)	2.21 (1.26; 3.89)**	2.24 (1.41; 3.57)**	1.33 (0.93; 1.90)	1.28 (0.95; 1.72)	2.21 (1.40; 3.49)**
Model 2	2.12 (1.01; 4.46)*	2.08 (1.12; 3.86)*	2.33 (1.33; 4.12)**	2.10 (1.34; 3.29)**	1.28 (0.89; 1.84)	1.20 (0.88; 1.62)	2.26 (1.43; 3.59)**
Model 3	2.50 (1.18; 5.27)*	2.24 (1.21; 4.17)*	2.53 (1.43; 4.47)**	2.32 (1.38; 3.89)**	1.37 (0.95; 1.99)	1.28 (1.93; 1.75)	2.35 (1.47; 3.74)***
Model 4	2.68 (1.19; 6.04)*	2.13 (1.06; 4.26)*	2.56 (1.38; 4.76)**	1.92 (1.18; 3.14)**	1.11 (0.72; 1.69)	1.10 (0.78; 1.56)	2.25 (1.35; 3.75)**

Model 1: adjusted for age. Model 2: adjusted for age, and WC. Model 3: adjusted for model 2, smoking (3 categories), high-risk alcohol use, and physical activity. Model 4: adjusted for model 3, renal insufficiency, and DHEAS. HR: hazard ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; WC: waist circumference; DHEAS: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
^∗𝑃<0.05.
^∗∗𝑃<0.01.
^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001.