Chemerin receptors, CMKLR1, GPR1, and CCRL2 signaling pathways. Chemerin is able to bind three different G protein-coupled receptors: CMKLR1 (chemokine-like receptor 1), GPR1 (G protein-coupled receptor 1), and CCRL2 (Chemokine (CC motif) receptor-like 2). This latter receptor does not appear to be a signaling receptor. Once activated, CMKLR1 and GPR1 stimulate or inhibit different signaling pathways including MAPK ERK1/2, Akt, and AMPK to regulate different biological processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, and steroidogenesis. In particular, our group showed that chemerin decreases IGF-1-induced steroid production through MAPK ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human granulosa cells (−: inhibition, +: stimulation).
