Albuminuria Is Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease
Table 1
The main clinical and biochemical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with or without early diabetic nephropathy.
Characteristics
Non-DKD
Early DKD
value
()
()
Age (year)
66.7 ± 13.9
68.9 ± 12.1
0.141
Male, (%)
138 (63.0)
67 (58.7)
0.477
Hypertension, (%)
144 (65.8)
88 (77.2)
0.020
ACEI/ARB use, (%)
88 (40.2)
61 (53.5)
0.020
Smoking (%)
19 (8.7)
13 (11.4)
0.440
Duration of diabetes (yr)
7.0 (2.0–11.0)
10.0 (4.0–15.0)
0.105
SBP (mmHg)
132.5 ± 17.4
135.9 ± 16.7
0.085
DBP (mmHg)
78.0 ± 10.5
79.9 ± 11.4
0.141
BMI (kg/m2)
24.4 ± 3.6
24.1 ± 3.9
0.493
eGFR (mL/min/1.732)
91.7 (78.5–107.2)
87.8 (73.0–105.3)
0.079
Laboratory
Glucose (mmol/L)
6.9 (5.6–8.6)
7.0 (5.9–9.4)
0.327
Insulin (μU/mL)
8.7 (5.6–14.9)
11.4 (6.6–16.8)
0.017
HOMA-IR
2.5 (1.6–4.7)
3.8 (2.1–6.7)
0.012
HbA1c (mean ± SD, %)
7.9 ± 2.0
8.7 ± 2.2
0.002
Albumin (g/L)
40.8 ± 4.0
38.4 ± 4.9
<0.001
Uric acid (μmol/L)
0.322 ± 0.092
0.325 ± 0.088
0.0798
Creatinine (μmol/L)
72.1 ± 16.1
73.7 ± 16.7
0.391
ACR (mg/g)
8.5 (5.9–14.6)
140.2 (53.7–466.4)
<0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.5 (1.0–2.2)
1.5 (1.2–2.2)
0.459
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.6 (4.0–5.4)
4.8 (4.2–5.4)
0.641
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.1 (0.9–1.3)
1.0 (0.9–1.2)
0.086
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.6 ± 0.8
2.8 ± 0.9
0.083
ACEI/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR: modification of diet in renal disease study, glomerular filtration rate; ACR: albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. Data are means SD, median (25–75%), or number (percent).
