Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Italian Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cholecalciferol Supplementation versus the Improvement of Factors Influencing 25(OH)D Status

Table 1

Main data of the cross-sectional evaluation of Italian children and adolescents.

Number of subjects (female : male)	679 (353 : 326)
Age, yrs. (median, range)	8.7 (2.1–17.9)
Height (SDS)	−0.1 ± 1.5
BMI (SDS)	0.5 ± 1.1
Prepubertal/pubertal ratio	4532 : 226
Serum 25(OH)D status
sufficiency (%)	11.3
insufficiency (%)	30.0
deficiency (%)	38.2
severe deficiency (%)	20.5
Serum 25(OH)D level (ng/mL)	19.08 ± 8.44
children	20.26 ± 8.43
adolescents	11.74 ± 5.78
normal weight	25.66 ± 7.32
overweight	17.13 ± 7.87
obese	12.02 ± 5.67
Dietary intake of vitamin D, IU/day	179.3 ± 43.9
Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL)
≤2 hrs/day in outdoor activity	14.04 ± 7.49
>2 hrs/day in outdoor activity	23.76 ± 7.58
normal cow’s milk consumption/day	24.41 ± 7.82
reduced cow’s milk consumption/day	17.60 ± 8.74
Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	51.13 ± 36.46