Vitamin D Status in Central Europe

Table 3

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations reported for adults in Central Europe.

Country	City	Latitude,; longitude	Year	Number,; sex	Age; (yrs)	BMI	Population	Season	Assay, machine (manufacturer)	Serum 25(OH)D; (ng/mL)	Reference
Belarus	Western Belarus	53°N; 24–26°E	2010-2011	6 M; 22 F	46 ± 7	27 ± 4	Healthy	Annual	ECLIA, Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics)	18 ± 7	[28]
Belarus	Minsk		2011-2012	168 F	45–55		Healthy	Annual	ECLIA, Cobas e411; (Roche Diagnostics)	29 ± 15	[29]
Belarus	Minsk			176 F	55–65			Annual		27 ± 14	[29]
Czech Republic	Prague	50.1°N; 14.4°E	2004–2006	2175			Clinic patients	Annual	RIA, IDS, UK	31 ± 18	[30]
Czech Republic	Pilzen	49.8°N; 13.3°E	2008	239 M; 321 F	53 ± 14	27 ± 5	Community, cross section	Oct. 6–Nov. 28	ECLIA, Cobas e411; (Roche Diagnostics)	25 ± 4	[31]
Estonia	Väike-Maarja	59.1°N; 26.3°E	2006	167 M	49 ± 12	28 ± 5	Community, cross section from patients	Winter	RIA, DiaSorin	17 ± 6	[32]
Estonia				200 F	49 ± 12	29 ± 7	Community	Winter		18 ± 6	[32]
Estonia				167 M	49 ± 12	28 ± 5	Community	Summer		24 ± 7	[32]
Estonia				200 F	49 ± 12	29 ± 7	Community	Summer		23 ± 7	[32]
Hungary	County Vas	47.2°N; 16.8°E	2011	32 M	<43		Healthy blood donors and others, cross section	March–May	ECLIA, Cobas e411; (Roche Diagnostics)	29 (25–40)	[33]
Hungary	County Vas			48 F	<43		Healthy			22 (29–40)	[33]
Hungary	County Vas			36 M	>43		Healthy			27 (22–34)	[33]
Hungary	County Vas			21 F	>43		Healthy			24 (16–34)	[33]
Poland	Warsaw	52.2°N; 21.0°E		31	Mothers at delivery			Winter	Radiocompetitive, Extrelut column and radioassay	11 ± 7	[17]
Poland	Warsaw			22	Mothers at delivery			Summer		31 ± 15	[17]
Poland	Katowice	50.3°N; 19.0°E	2003-2004	17 F	52 ± 4	24 ± 2	Healthy	Annual	RIA, Bio-Source Europe	39 ± 18	[34]
Poland	Opole	50.6°N; 17.9°E		31 F	47 (25–79)		Healthy, employees of the Center of Oncology, Opole	November–March	ECLIA, (Roche Diagnostics)	17	[35]
Poland	Warsaw			76	Mothers after delivery		Healthy	Winter	CLIA, Liaison    (DiaSorin)	15 ± 8	[20, 21]
Poland	Warsaw			40	Mothers after delivery		Healthy	Summer		20 ± 7	[20, 21]
Poland	Warsaw			119	Lactating women		Healthy	Annual		26 ± 7	[20, 21]
Poland	Warsaw			138 F	Pregnant women; 1st trimester		Healthy	Annual		17.6 (4–57)	[36]
Poland	Warsaw			138 F	Pregnant women; 3rd trimester		Healthy	Annual		18.5 (4–40)	[36]
Poland	Warsaw			55	Pregnant women; 1st trimester		Healthy	Annual	ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 (Roche Diagnostics)	23 (17–57)	[37]
Poland	Warsaw			55	Pregnant women; 2nd trimester		Healthy	Annual		25 (6–53)	[37]
Poland	Warsaw			55	Pregnant women; 3rd trimester		Healthy	Annual		25 (3–50)	[37]
Slovakia		49°N; 17–22°E	2007	162 F	34		Healthy	October	HPLC	33 ± 13	[38]
Ukraine		44.2°N–52.2°N	2010-2011	649 F	47 (20–59)	28 ± 6	Healthy	Annual	ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 (Roche Diagnostics)	14 ± 9	[39, 40]
Ukraine			2010-2011	129 M	44 (20–59)	26 ± 6	Healthy	Annual		15 ± 10	[39, 40]
Ukraine			2010-2011	102 F; 28 M	47 ± 10	27 ± 5	Healthy	Winter		13 ± 8	[39, 40]
Ukraine			2010-2011	160 F; 37 M	45 ± 11	27 ± 5	Healthy	Summer		18 ± 10	[39, 40]