Circulating Fractalkine Levels Predict the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome

Table 3

Association of baseline fractalkine concentrations with metabolic parameters at year 2 (𝑛=459).

Variables	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	𝑃 for trend
	≤0.28 ng/mL	0.28–0.43 ng/mL	0.43–0.64 ng/mL	>0.64 ng/mL
𝑛 (case/control)	115	114	115	115
Fractalkine (ng/mL)	0.18 (0.10–0.23)	0.35 (0.30–0.40)	0.51 (0.48–0.57)	0.71 (0.66–0.78)	<0.001
Age (years)	57.92±6.58	57.75±6.80	60.57±6.01	60.73±6.44	<0.001
Male, 𝑛 (%)	39 (35.4)	42 (37.8)	44 (38.9)	45 (39.8)	0.855
Education					0.992
Less than high school	11 (9.7)	11 (9.9)	11 (9.7)	13 (11.5)
High school	86 (76.1)	83 (74.8)	88 (77.9)	83 (73.5)
More than high school	16 (14.2)	17 (15.3)	14 (12.4)	17 (15.0)
Current smoker, 𝑛 (%)	24 (21.2)	24 (21.6)	22 (19.5)	29 (25.7)	0.717
Alcohol drinker, 𝑛 (%)	15 (13.3)	24 (21.6)	25 (22.1)	29 (25.7)	0.127
MetS, 𝑛 (%)	6 (6.6)	14 (12.6)	31 (27.4)	40 (35.4)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.84±2.50	24.04±2.64	24.77±2.84	24.83±2.86	0.001
WC (cm)	75.71±8.31	80.61±7.67	83.69±9.13	85.35±9.25	<0.001
WHR	0.84±0.07	0.88±0.06	0.89±0.07	0.91±0.08	<0.001
Fat% (%)	27.92±9.71	29.52±6.82	30.75±6.29	31.51±8.75	0.006
SBP (mm Hg)	117.05±14.34	117.32±11.78	121.11±13.97	120.71±14.81	0.117
DBP (mm Hg)	70.24±9.78	71.19±8.39	73.85±9.69	72.77±9.54	0.069
FPG (mmol/L)	5.00 (4.70–5.20)	5.10 (4.90–5.45)	5.10 (4.80–5.50)	5.30 (5.00–5.85)	<0.001
2 h PG (mmol/L)	5.50 (4.30–6.50)	5.60 (4.65–6.60)	5.80 (5.00–7.00)	5.90 (5.10–7.95)	<0.001
FINS (𝜇U/mL)	5.83 (4.20–9.28)	7.89 (5.90–9.91)	8.44 (5.86–11.25)	8.30 (5.94–11.48)	<0.001
2 h INS (𝜇U/mL)	27.62 (16.32–47.32)	33.52 (20.67–49.04)	39.60 (22.25–61.16)	36.55 (23.53–65.52)	0.002
HOMA-IR	1.27 (0.85–2.08)	1.78 (1.36–2.30)	1.93 (1.31–2.68)	2.08 (1.39–2.73)	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.40±0.31	5.53±0.39	5.57±0.46	5.64±1.13	0.060
TC (mmol/L)	4.80 (4.20–5.60)	5.05 (4.20–5.80)	5.00 (4.70–5.60)	5.30 (4.70–5.80)	0.013
LDL-c (mmol/L)	3.01±0.86	3.16±0.88	3.22±0.83	3.28±0.94	0.137
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.36±0.32	1.28±0.26	1.27±0.31	1.25±0.30	0.035
TG (mmol/L)	1.00 (0.80–1.40)	1.15 (0.90–1.73)	1.40 (1.00–1.85)	1.60 (1.10–2.10)	<0.001

Variables with normal distributions are presented as mean ± SD; skewed variables are presented as the median value (interquartile range) [M (IQR)].
The chi-squared test was used for categorical values and ANOVA test for continuous values.
Abbreviations as in Table 1.