Research Article

Male Accessory Gland Infection: Relevance of Serum Total Testosterone Levels

Table 2

Ultrasound criteria for the confirmation and greater characterization of the clinical diagnosis of MAGI.

Prostatitis is suspected in the presence of >2 of the following ultrasonographic signs:
(1) asymmetry of the gland volume, (2) areas of low echogenicity, (3) areas of high echogenicity, (4) dilatation of periprostatic venous plexus, (5) single or multiple internal similar cystic areas, and (6) area/s of moderate increase in vascularity (focal or multiple).

Vesiculitis is suspected in the presence of >2 of the following ultrasonographic signs:
(1) increased (>14 mm) anteroposterior diameter mono- or bilateral, (2) asymmetry >2.5 mm (normal 7–14 mm) compared to the contralateral vesicle, (3) reduced (<7 mm) anteroposterior diameter mono- or bilateral, (4) glandular epithelium thickened and/or calcified, (5) polycyclic areas separated by hyperechoic septa in one or both vesicles, (6) fundus/body ratio >2.5, (7) fundus/body ratio <1, and (8) anteroposterior diameter unchanged after recent immediate ejaculation.

Epididymitis is suspected in the presence of >2 of the following ultrasonographic signs:
(1) increase in size of the head (craniocaudal diameter >12 mm) and/or of the tail (craniocaudal diameter > 6 mm) (finding single or bilateral), (2) presence of multiple microcystis in the head and/or tail (finding single or bilateral), (3) low echogenicity or high echogenicity mono- or bilateral, (4) large hydrocele mono- or bilateral, (5) enlargement in superior part of the cephalic tract and superior/inferior part ratio >1, and (6) unchanged anteroposterior diameter of tail after ejaculation.