Systematic Review of Surgical Approaches for Adrenal Tumors: Lateral Transperitoneal versus Posterior Retroperitoneal and Laparoscopic versus Robotic Adrenalectomy

Table 3

Complications of laparoscopic LTA versus PRA.

Author	Conversion, (%)		Postoperative bleeding requiring surgery, (%)		Mortality, (%)		Others, (%)
	LTA	PRA	LTA	LTA	LTA	PRA	LTA	PRA
Naya et al. [18]	4^a	3^b	0	0	0	0	2	2
Lombardi et al. [19]	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2
Berber et al. [20]	2^c	2^d	0	0	2^e	0	0	2
Kiriakopoulos et al. [21]	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
Dickson et al. [22]	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	2
Lee et al. [23]	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Constantinides et al. [24]	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1
Cabalag et al. [25]	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	1
Total	6/263 (2.3)	5/265 (1.9)	3/263 (1.1)	0/265 (0)	2/263 (0.7)	0/265 (0)	9/263 (3.4)	14/265 (5.3)

LTA: lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy; PRA: posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy.
^aopen conversion due to diaphragm injury or excessive operation time, ^bopen conversion due to intercostal artery bleeding or excessive operation time, ^copen conversion due to bleeding, ^dconversion from PRA to LTA due to inadequate establishment of retroperitoneal space, and ^ecardiac and pulmonary complication.