Systematic Review of Surgical Approaches for Adrenal Tumors: Lateral Transperitoneal versus Posterior Retroperitoneal and Laparoscopic versus Robotic Adrenalectomy

Table 5

Complications of laparoscopic versus robotic adrenalectomy.

Author	Approach	Number of; patients		Open or laparoscopic; conversion, (%)		Total complications, (%)			Postoperative bleeding requiring surgery, (%)			Mortality, (%)
		LA	RA	LA	RA	LA	RA	value	LA	RA	value	LA	RA	value
Morino et al. [28]	LTA	10	10	0	4 (40.0)^a	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S
Brunaud et al. [29]	LTA	59	50	4 (6.8)^b	4 (8.0)^c	9 (15.3)	5 (10.0)	N.S	N.A	0 (0)	N.A	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S
Agcaoglu et al. [30]	PRA	31	31	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S
Karabulut et al. [31]	LTA	32	32	2 (6.2)^d	1 (3.1)^e	5 (10.0)	1 (2.0)	N.S	N.A	N.A	N.A	1 (2.0)	0 (0)	N.S
	PRA	18	18	0 (0)	0 (0)				N.A	N.A	N.A
You et al. [32]	LTA	8	15	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (25.0)	2 (13.3)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S
Brandao et al. [33]	LTA	46	30	1 (2.3)^f	0 (0)	5 (10.9)	6 (20.0)	N.S	1 (2.1)	1 (3.3)	N.S	0 (0)	0 (0)	N.S
Total		204	186	7 (3.4)	9 (4.8)	21 (10.3)	14 (7.5)		2 (1.0)	2 (1.1)		1 (0.5)	0 (0)

LA, laparoscopic adrenalectomy; RA, robotic adrenalectomy.
^aconversion to open laparotomy due to malposition of robotic trocars (), bleeding (), and prolonged operation time ().
^bcauses of conversion to open laparotomy were not described.
^cconversion to LA due to inadequate visualization (), and conversion to open laparotomy due to bleeding ().
^dconversion to open laparotomy due to peri-adrenal invasion or inflammation.
^econversion to open laparotomy due to adhesion to renal hilum.
^fcause was not described.
N.S: not significant; N.A: not available.