Antifibrotic Activity of Acylated and Unacylated Ghrelin

Table 1

Changes of acylated ghrelin, unacylated ghrelin, and obestatin blood concentrations in human pathological conditions leading to organ fibrosis.

Pathological condition	Acylated ghrelin	Unacylated ghrelin	Obestatin	Notes	Reference
Chronic heart failure (CHF)	↑	nd	nd		[46]
	↓	nd	nd	Acylated ghrelin levels positively correlate with favorable prognosis	[47]
Chronic hepatitis C	↓	nd	nd	Acylated ghrelin levels negatively correlate with fibrosis severity	[48]
Alcoholic hepatitis	↓	nd	nd	Acylated ghrelin levels negatively correlate with fibrosis severity	[48]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)	nd	nd	=		[90]
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)	=	↑	=	NASH versus non-NASH (among NAFLD patients)	[50]
	↑	=	↑	Severe NASH (fibrosis index ≥2) versus not severe NASH (fibrosis index <2)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	↑	nd	nd	Acylated ghrelin levels positively correlate with inflammation	[51]
Systemic sclerosis	↓	↓	nd		[52]