Association between Serum Soluble Klotho Levels and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to study group.
Characteristics
Total
Low-Klotho Klotho < 309 pg/mL
Middle-Klotho 309 ≤ Klotho < 449 pg/mL
High-Klotho 449 pg/mL ≤ Klotho
value
Number
63
14
35
14
Age (year)
64.2 ± 13.0
66.1 ± 11.9
63.8 ± 13.7
63.0 ± 13.0
0.80
Male gender (%)
50.8
42.9
54.3
50.0
0.77
BMI (kg/m2)
21.3 ± 3.2
20.3 ± 3.0
21.8 ± 3.2
20.9 ± 3.2
0.29
Diabetes mellitus (%)
33.3
42.9
37.1
14.3
0.18
Duration of dialysis (year)
6.7 ± 5.4
6.2 ± 4.0
6.5 ± 5.2
7.6 ± 7.1
0.77
History of cardiovascular disease (%)
12.7
7.1
11.4
21.4
0.52
Smoking (%)
62.9
64.3
58.8
71.4
0.70
Serum creatinine
10.6 ± 2.8
9.9 ± 0.9
10.7 ± 2.8
10.9 ± 0.8
0.63
(per week)
1.36 ± 0.28
1.47 ± 23
1.33 ± 0.28
1.31 ± 0.29
0.23
nPCR (g/kg/day)
0.95 ± 0.18
0.97 ± 13
0.94 ± 0.20
0.94 ± 0.17
0.91
Cardiothoracic ratio (%)
50.0 ± 5.3
50.8 ± 6.5
49.5 ± 4.8
50.1 ± 5.6
0.79
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
154.1 ± 20.0
150.9 ± 20.4
156.3 ± 21.7
151.9 ± 15.5
0.63
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
9.7 ± 1.3
9.5 ± 1.2
9.8 ± 1.4
9.5 ± 1.2
0.64
Serum albumin (g/dL)
3.74 ± 0.36
3.61 ± 0.39
3.76 ± 0.34
3.84 ± 0.39
0.23
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
158 ± 1.3
153 ± 32
165 ± 36
143 ± 0.35
0.12
Serum calcium (mg/dL)
8.9 ± 0.2
8.6 ± 1.3
9.0 ± 1.2
8.9 ± 1.3
0.60
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)
5.0 ± 0.2
4.6 ± 1.2
4.9 ± 1.4
5.6 ± 1.0
0.11
Intact PTH (pg/mL)
99 (45–250)
96 (47–210)
94 (42–250)
185 (79–298)
0.35
Klotho (pg/mL)
371 (309–449)
245 (220–283)
371 (341–401)
550 (468–692)
<0.0001
Serum FGF23 (pg/mL)
4511 (1184–15134)
2115 (609–4422)
4844 (779–17492)
9036 (2815–21678)
0.02
1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL)
8.6 ± 4.4
7.7 ± 3.6
8.4 ± 4.5
9.7 ± 4.9
0.46
Vitamin D sterols (%)
46.0
50.0
48.6
35.7
0.67
Phosphate binders (%)
93.7
100
88.6
100
0.09
ESA (%)
91.9
100
88.2
92.9
0.23
ARBs/ACEIs (%)
47.6
21.4
48.6
71.4
0.03
CCBs (%)
50.8
42.9
51.4
57.1
0.75
Statin (%)
9.5
0
11.4
14.3
0.20
Variables are presented as numbers of patients (percentage), as mean ± SD, or as median (interquartile range), as appropriate. Klotho: serum soluble Klotho; BMI: body mass index; nPCR: normalized protein catabolism rate; PTH: parathyroid hormone; FGF23: fibroblast growth factor 23; ESA: erythropoiesis stimulating agent; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; CCBs: calcium channel blockers.
