Association between Serum Soluble Klotho Levels and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Table 2

Univariate Cox regression analyses of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.

Parameter	Cardiovascular events		Cardiovascular mortality		All-cause mortality
	Hazard ratio; (95% CI)	value	Hazard ratio; (95% CI)	value	Hazard ratio; (95% CI)	value
Age (year)	1.06 (1.02–1.11)	0.004	1.13 (1.04–1.26)	0.002	1.09 (1.02–1.18)	0.005
Male gender	1.52 (0.65–3.68)	0.33	2.02 (0.53–9.57)	0.31	2.01 (0.63–7.53)	0.24
BMI (kg/m^2)	1.11 (0.98–1.25)	0.10	0.99 (0.79–1.20)	0.93	1.00 (0.83–1.18)	0.97
Diabetes mellitus	1.42 (0.59–3.30)	0.42	1.70 (0.42–6.41)	0.43	2.12 (0.66–6.77)	0.20
Duration of dialysis (year)	0.95 (0.85–1.03)	0.23	0.94 (0.77–1.07)	0.40	0.94 (0.81–1.06)	0.36
Serum creatinine	0.97 (0.83–1.12)	0.64	0.95 (0.74–1.19)	0.65	0.90 (0.72–1.10)	0.30
(per/week)	0.23 (0.06–1.00)	0.05	0.69 (0.08–7.40)	0.75	0.80 (0.12–6.29)	0.83
nPCR (g/kg/day)	0.05 (0.005–0.61)	0.02	1.72 (0.05–62.78)	0.77	1.54 (0.06–39.72)	0.79
Cardiothoracic ratio (%)	1.09 (1.01–1.18)	0.02	1.15 (1.02–1.29)	0.02	1.09 (0.98–1.21)	0.10
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.93	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.95	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.75
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	0.90 (0.65–1.26)	0.54	0.35 (0.01–11.63)	0.55	0.95 (0.62–1.45)	0.80
Serum albumin (g/dL)	0.55 (0.18–1.68)	0.29	1.11 (0.19–7.42)	0.91	1.14 (0.25–5.81)	0.87
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.99 (0.97–1.00)	0.06	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.10	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.47
Serum calcium (mg/dL)	0.83 (0.59–1.18)	0.30	0.72 (0.40–1.23)	0.23	0.85 (0.52–1.34)	0.48
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)	0.83 (0.61–1.14)	0.25	0.94 (0.57–1.54)	0.80	0.82 (0.54–1.26)	0.36
Intact PTH (pg/mL)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.91	1.00 (0.998–1.004)	0.35	1.00 (0.997–1.003)	0.79
Klotho (Low)	2.17 (0.83–5.18)	0.11	3.50 (0.86–13.26)	0.08	4.38 (1.37–14.04)	0.014
Serum FGF23 (High)	1.33 (0.57–3.22)	0.51	1.95 (0.52–9.25)	0.33	0.98 (0.31–3.15)	0.98
1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL)	1.00 (0.90–1.09)	0.96	1.07 (0.92–1.21)	0.34	1.04 (0.90–1.17)	0.96
Vitamin D sterols (No)	0.65 (0.27–1.50)	0.31	0.41 (0.09–1.56)	0.19	0.59 (0.17–1.84)	0.36
Phosphate binders (No)	1.48 (0.24–5.09)	0.61	2.01 (3.14–3.14)	0.25	2.01 (2.29–2.29)	0.19
ESA (No)	0.94 (0.27–1.50)	0.93	1.94 (2.42–2.42)	0.19	1.94 (1.76–1.76)	0.13
ARBs/ACEIs (No)	1.57 (0.68–3.82)	0.29	3.66 (0.88–24.60)	0.08	3.15 (0.94–14.22)	0.06

BMI: body mass index; nPCR: normalized protein catabolism rate; PTH: parathyroid hormone; Klotho: serum soluble Klotho; FGF23: fibroblast growth factor 23; ESA: erythropoiesis stimulating agent; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; CCBs: calcium channel blockers.