Effect of Repetitive Glucose Spike and Hypoglycaemia on Atherosclerosis and Death Rate in Apo E-Deficient Mice
Table 3
Daily plasma insulin profile of each group.
Control group
Glucose group
Glucose + ipragliflozin group
Insulin group
Glucose + insulin group
Day 18
Insulin level (pmol/L) after first administration
0 min
167.1 ± 22.4
143.0 ± 19.0
105.1 ± 8.6
136.1 ± 12.1
93.0 ± 6.9
15 min
93.0 ± 10.3
291.2 ± 60.3
182.6 ± 20.7
65.5 ± 1.7#†
211.9 ± 19.0
30 min
87.9 ± 10.3
146.5 ± 36.2
103.4 ± 5.2
74.1 ± 8.6#†
105.1 ± 6.9
60 min
105.1 ± 12.1
91.3 ± 17.2
65.5 ± 5.2
77.5 ± 6.9
68.9 ± 5.2
120 min
117.2 ± 8.6
94.8 ± 17.2
74.1 ± 6.9
82.7 ± 8.6
87.9 ± 8.6
Insulin level (pmol/L) after second administration
0 min
120.6 ± 17.2
108.5 ± 24.1
74.1 ± 5.2
89.6 ± 8.6
94.8 ± 8.6
15 min
89.6 ± 8.6
261.9 ± 34.5
215.4 ± 25.8
65.5 ± 6.9#†
256.7 ± 29.3
30 min
77.5 ± 6.9
113.7 ± 22.4
72.4 ± 3.4
75.8 ± 10.3
87.9 ± 10.3
60 min
77.5 ± 6.9
67.2 ± 10.3
46.5 ± 6.9
63.8 ± 6.9
58.6 ± 5.2
120 min
89.6 ± 12.1
60.3 ± 6.9
60.3 ± 8.6
65.5 ± 5.2
75.8 ± 8.6
Day 102
Insulin level (pmol/L) after first administration
0 min
163.7 ± 24.1
144.7 ± 15.5
144.7 ± 19.0
110.3 ± 15.5
96.5 ± 6.9
15 min
98.2 ± 10.3
291.2 ± 37.9
253.3 ± 24.1
81.0 ± 6.9#†
241.2 ± 19.0
30 min
86.2 ± 6.9
124.1 ± 12.1
117.2 ± 12.1
82.7 ± 6.9
112.0 ± 6.9
60 min
86.2 ± 8.6
103.4 ± 6.9
74.1 ± 5.2
87.9 ± 10.3
84.4 ± 6.9
120 min
99.9 ± 20.7
101.7 ± 6.9
82.7 ± 10.3
94.8 ± 10.3
84.4 ± 8.6
Insulin level (pmol/L) after second administration
0 min
117.2 ± 19.0
124.1 ± 12.1
98.2 ± 10.3
130.9 ± 24.1
122.3 ± 15.5
15 min
99.9 ± 8.6
398.0 ± 24.1
274.0 ± 24.1
84.4 ± 10.3#†
286.0 ± 29.3
30 min
103.4 ± 12.1
141.3 ± 19.0
106.8 ± 6.9
101.7 ± 10.3
134.4 ± 20.7
60 min
74.1 ± 6.9
101.7 ± 10.3
81.0 ± 8.6
84.4 ± 10.3
93.0 ± 8.6
120 min
79.3 ± 10.3
87.9 ± 8.6
77.5 ± 8.6
101.7 ± 10.3
91.3 ± 12.1
Data are mean ± SEM. versus control, # versus glucose, † versus ipragliflozin, and versus insulin. Mice were provided with water (control group, insulin group) or glucose (glucose group, glucose + ipragliflozin group, and glucose + insulin group) by oral gavage twice a day (9:00 AM: first administration and 4:00 PM: second administration).
