Glycemic Control in Kenyan Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Sociodemographic factors and glycemic control.

Factor	HbA1c < 8.0%	HbA1c 8.0		value	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Sex
Male	12 (33%)	26 (66%)	0.44	0.623	1.18 (0.53–3.64)
Female	11 (25%)	33 (75%)
Residence
Nairobi	13 (33%)	26 (66%)	1.03	0.310	1.65 (0.62–4.36)
Others	10 (23%)	33 (77%)
Primary caregiver
Parent	20 (30%)	46 (70%)	0.85	0.356	1.88 (0.48–7.35)
Other	3 (19%)	13 (81%)
Family history of DM
Yes	9 (27%)	24 (73%)	0.02	0.897	0.94 (0.35–2.51)
No	14 (29%)	35 (71%)
Insulin formulation
Intermediate acting	4 (25%)	12 (75%)	0.195	0.6588	0.75 (0.22–2.64)
Mixed	19 (33%)	43 (67%)
Use of refined sugar
Frequent	1 (11%)	8 (89%)	0.6	0.431	0.30 (0.04–2.53)
Rare	21 (30%)	50 (70%)
Age (current)
<12 years	21 (78%)	6 (22%)	45.73	<0.0001	92.7 (17.3–496.8)
12 years	2 (4%)	53 (96%)
Age at diagnosis
<12 years	6 (22%)	21 (78%)	0.32	0.448	0.64 (0.22–1.87)
12 years	17 (31%)	38 (69%)
Duration of illness
<5 years	19 (31%)	41 (69%)	1.451	0.2285	2.09 (0.62–7.01)
5 years	4 (19%)	18 (81%)