Research Article
Role of Paricalcitol in Modulating the Immune Response in Patients with Renal Disease
Table 1
Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the study population.
| | Parameter | CKD patients (: 40) | HS (: 20) | value |
| | Gender (M/F) | 20/20 | 10/10 | — | | Age (years) | 62.9 ± 14 | 54.8 ± 4.8 | 0.003 | | Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 6 | 4.09 ± 0.40 | 0.02 | | Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 9.15 ± 0.5 | 0.04 | | Phosphate (mg/dL) | 5.63 ± 1.22 | 3.4 ± 0.35 | <0.05 | | Ca × P product (mg2/dL2) | 50.58 ± 11.8 | 33.4 ± 6.3 | <0.05 | | ALPh (IU/L) | 80.5 (63–110) | 71.5 ± 17 | 0.27 | | PTH (pg/mL) | 92.8 (33.35–85.75) | 44 (11.1–15.5) | <0.05 | | hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.66 (2.0–5.37) | 0.49 (0.1–0.69) | <0.05 | | ESR (mm/h) | 34.8 ± 8.4 | 4.5 ± 2.3 | <0.05 | | Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 11.67 ± 9.89 | 51.13 ± 0.4 | <0.05 | | Urea (mg/dL) | 234.40 (176.74–274.32) | 35.6 ± 9.9 | <0.05 | | Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 0.75 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 | | NGAL (ng/mL) | 180.43 ± 86.50 | 29.78 ± 25.8 | <0.0001 | | IL-17 (pg/mL) | 105.9 ± 17.2 | 10.54 ± 13 | <0.0001 | | IL-6 (pg/mL) | 45.7 ± 10.6 | 15.9 ± 6.9 | <0.05 | | IL-1β (pg/mL) | 11.71 ± 3.96 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | <0.0001 | | TNF-α (pg/mL) | 52.56 ± 8.92 | 13.1 ± 2.6 | <0.05 | | IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 28.3 ± 8.5 | 0.98 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 | | Erythrocytes () | 3.36 ± 0.46 | 4.75 ± 0.26 | <0.05 | | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.20 ± 1.33 | 13.46 ± 0.6 | <0.05 | | Ferritin (ng/mL) | 287 (150–437) | 176 (163–189) | 0.01 |
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CKD: chronic kidney disease; HS: healthy subjects; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ALPh: alcaline phosphatase; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; IL-17: interleukin-17; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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