Parental Reports of Stigma Associated with Child’s Disorder of Sex Development

Table 3

Index case characteristics ().

	M (SD)	Range
Age (years)	4.9 (3.7)	0–16
	(%)
Gender announcement
Announced at birth	53 (49.5)
Delayed assignment	23 (21.5)
Reassigned	1 (0.0)
Unknown^a	30 (28.0)
Gender of rearing
Boys	61 (57)
Girls	46 (43)
	(%)	Gender assignment
		boys ()	girls ()
DSD diagnosis
Sex chromosome DSD	6 (5.6)	3	3
45,X/46,XY (e.g., mixed gonadal dysgenesis)	6 (5.6)	3	3
46,XY DSD	67 (62.6)	56	11
Disorders of gonadal (testicular) development	7 (6.5)	6	1
Disorders in androgen synthesis or action	14 (13.1)	5	9
Other (e.g., aphallia, micropenis secondary to panhypopituitarism, and hypospadias)	46 (43.0)	45	1
46,XX DSD	34 (31.8)	2	32
Disorders of gonadal (ovarian) development	1 (0.9)	1	0
Androgen excess (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)	29 (27.1)	0	29
Other (e.g., Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, and Müllerian anomaly)	4 (3.7)	1	3
Atypical sex chromosomes relative to gender of rearing	19 (17.8)
	M (SD)
Number of DSD-related procedures	2.49 (2.31)
Genital appearance atypicality at birth relative to gender of rearing
Boys^b	2.87 (0.72)
Girls^c	2.36 (1.30)

Insufficient information in medical record to categorize; ^b7-point scale where 1 = most typical; ^c5-point scale where 1 = most typical.