Robotic versus Open Thyroidectomy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: An Evidence-Based Review

Table 2

Summary of hypoparathyroidism in published studies.

First author/year	RT approach	Sample size; (RT versus OT)	Definition of transient hypoparathyroidism	Rates of transient hypoparathyroidism (%); (RT versus OT)	Definition of permanent hypoparathyroidism	Rates of permanent hypoparathyroidism (%); (RT versus OT)
Lee, 2013 [22]	TA	62 : 66	Drop in PTH with recovery <6 months	38.7 : 34.8; ( = 0.56)	Drop in PTH with no recovery after 6 months	0 : 0; ( = NS)
Ryu, 2013 [23]	TA	45 : 45	—	NR	Not stated	0 : 0; ( = NS)
Tae, 2012 [24]	GUAB	75 : 226	PTH below normal limit but recovered within 6 months	27.5 : 49.5; ( < 0.001)	PTH below normal limit and persisted for >6 months	0 : 1.8; ( = 0.57)
Lee, 2012 [25]	TA	192 : 266	Not stated	44.4 : 40.0; ( = 0.82)	Not stated	0 : 3.0; ( = 0.58)
Kang, 2012 [26]	TA	56 : 109	Not stated	48.2 : 45.9; ( = 0.77)	Not stated	0 : 0; ( = NS)
Lee, 2010 [27]	TA	41 : 43	Not stated	19.2 : 15.3; ( = NS)	Not stated	0 : 0; ( = NS)
Tae, 2011 [28]	GUAB	41 : 163	Not stated	20.0 : 30.1; ( = 0.39)	Not stated	0 : 4.2; ( = 0.65)
Aliyev, 2013 [40]	TA	16 : 30	Serum Ca <8 mg/dL for ≤2 weeks	12 : 13; ( = NS)	—	NR
Kim, 2011 [29]	BABA	69 : 138	Normalization of PTH within 6 months	33.3 : 27.5; ( = 0.58)	Failure of normalization of PTH after 6 months	1.4 : 2.9; ( = NS)
Yi, 2013 [30]	TA	98 : 423	Symptomatic and/or serum Ca <7.5 mg/dL for ≤6 months	53.1 : 43.0; ( = 0.04)	Symptomatic and/or serum Ca <7.5 mg/dL for >6 months	3.1 : 0.7; ( = 0.08)
Kim, 2015 [31]	BABA	13 : 65	Serum ionized Ca <4.0 mEq/L or symptoms requiring Ca replacement	0 : 15.4; ( = NS)	Not stated	0 : 1.5; ( = NS)
Kwak, 2015 [32]	BABA	206 : 634	Serum ionized Ca <4.4 mg/dL or PTH <8 pg/mL within 1 year	15 : 14.6; ( = 0.29)	Serum ionized Ca <4.4 mg/dL or PTH <8 pg/mL persisted after 1 year and need of Ca supplement	0.3 : 0.5; ( = 0.08)
Noureldine, 2013 [33]	TA	24 : 35	Abnormal Ca level persisted <6 months	8.3 : 11.4; ( = 0.66)	Abnormal Ca level persisted >6 months	0 : 0; ( = NS)
Lee, 2014 [34]	TA	60 : 56	Not stated	42 : 45; ( = 0.85)	—	NR
Tae, 2014 [35]	GUAB	62 : 183	Not stated	43.5 : 37.1; ( = 0.45)	Not stated	1.6 : 1.6; ( = 0.73)
Lee, 2014 [36]	TA	43 : 51	Not stated	46.5 : 31.4; ( = 0.14)	—	NR
Kim, 2014 [37]	BABA	123 : 392	Low PTH within 6 months	23.4 : 22.0; ( = 0.16)	Low PTH persisted for >6 months	0 : 0; ( = NS)
Song, 2014 [38]	GUAB	118 : 176	Not stated	35.7 : 55.9; ( = 0.006)	Not stated	0 : 0.7; ( = 0.67)

RT, robotic thyroidectomy; OT, open thyroidectomy; TA, transaxillary approach; GUAB, gasless unilateral axillobreast approach; BABA, bilateral axillobreast approach; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Ca, calcium; , value; NS, nonsignificant; NR, not reported.