Relationship between Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in a Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 5

Multiple logistic regression analyses of the relationship between BCAAs quartiles without or with MS and high Framingham cardiovascular risk.

Independent variable	⁢Model 1		⁢Model 2		⁢Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
BCAAs quartiles without MS
I	1		1		1
II	1.68 (1.07–2.65)	0.019	1.67 (1.05–2.64)	0.029	1.88 (1.14–3.06)	0.013
III	2.13 (1.35–3.34)	0.001	2.14 (1.35–3.37)	0.001	2.01 (1.22–3.29)	0.005
IV	2.95 (1.83–4.73)	<0.001	2.97 (1.84–4.77)	<0.001	2.60 (1.54–4.38)	<0.001
BCAAs quartiles with MS
I	1.39 (0.76–2.56)	0.291	1.26 (0.682–2.35)	0.457	1.57 (0.64–3.83)	0.540
II	4.40 (2.69–7.20)	<0.001	4.33 (2.63–7.13)	<0.001	2.40 (1.41–4.07)	<0.001
III	4.79 (2.96–7.73)	<0.001	4.64 (2.85–7.54)	<0.001	2.97 (1.70–5.18)	<0.001
IV	4.89 (2.93–7.89)	<0.001	5.18 (3.23–8.12)	<0.001	3.20 (1.83–5.61)	<0.001

Notes. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids; MS: metabolic system; L-Leu: L-leucine; L-Ile: L-isoleucine; and L-Val: L-valine. Definitions of BCAAs quartiles were in Statistical Analysis. Model 1: unadjusting; Model 2: adjusting eGFR; and Model 3: adjusting for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, current drinking and smoking status, and administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker.