Different Associations of Trunk and Lower-Body Fat Mass Distribution with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors between Healthy Middle-Aged Men and Women
Table 1
Clinical and cardiometabolic characteristics of female and male participants.
Women
Men
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
()
()
Age (year)
49.8 ± 3.6
51.8 ± 4.8
<0.001
NS
NS
NS
Body weight (kg)
53.9 ± 7.0
69.2 ± 15.2
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
22.0 ± 2.8
24.1 ± 5.3
<0.001
NS
NS
NS
Waist circumference (cm)
78.7 ± 8.1
85.9 ± 6.8
<0.001
NS
NS
NS
%total FM
30.1 ± 7.3
22.8 ± 6.2
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
%TFM
53.3 ± 5.0
62.7 ± 4.3
<0.001
—
—
—
%LFM
33.6 ± 5.0
26.5 ± 4.3
<0.001
—
—
—
%arm FM
9.0 ± 2.4
6.9 ± 1.5
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.01
HOMA-IR
1.21 ± 0.71
1.35 ± 0.91
NS
<0.05
NS
NS
Matsuda index
10.45 ± 5.05
11.49 ± 8.10
NS
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
0.92 ± 0.40
1.65 ± 1.73
<0.001
NS
NS
NS
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.00 ± 0.41
1.51 ± 0.37
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.37 ± 0.77
3.17 ± 0.94
NS
NS
NS
NS
sdLDL (mg/dL)
17.48 ± 9.47
32.22 ± 18.15
<0.001
<0.01
<0.001
<0.01
ApoA1 (mg/dL)
178 ± 22
157 ± 22
<0.001
<0.01
<0.001
<0.01
ApoB (mg/dL)
93 ± 19
97 ± 22
NS
NS
NS
NS
RLP-C (mg/dL)
3.9 ± 1.8
8.0 ± 12.1
<0.001
NS
<0.05
NS
FFA (μEq/L)
600 ± 228
550 ± 231
NS
NS
NS
NS
Preheparin LPL mass (ng/mL)
80.2 ± 21.8
54.7 ± 17.3
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Leptin (ng/mL)
7.6 ± 4.9
3.6 ± 2.3
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Adiponectin (μg/mL)
11.8 ± 4.9
6.8 ± 3.4
<0.001
<0.05
<0.01
<0.05
PAI-1 (ng/mL)
23.9 ± 15
40.1 ± 26.9
<0.001
NS
<0.01
NS
LogCRP
1.41 ± 0.53
1.02 ± 0.63
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
TNF-α (pg/mL)
0.77 ± 0.38
0.75 ± 0.35
NS
NS
NS
NS
8-epi-PGF2α (pg/mg creatinine)
367.1 ± 185.8
368.3 ± 190.3
NS
NS
NS
NS
SBP (mmHg)
121 ± 16
134 ± 20
<0.001
NS
<0.05
NS
DBP (mmHg)
74 ± 11
85 ± 12
<0.001
<0.01
<0.001
<0.01
CAVI
7.00 ± 0.72
7.70 ± 1.07
<0.001
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Ave IMT (mm)
0.55 ± 0.11
0.59 ± 0.12
NS
NS
NS
NS
Max IMT (mm)
0.59 ± 0.11
0.64 ± 0.16
NS
NS
NS
NS
Data are mean ± SD. FM: fat mass; sdLDL: small, dense LDL; RLP-C: remnant-like particle cholesterol; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; 8-epi-PG2α: urinary 8-epi-PGF2α; SBP and DBP: systolic and diastolic blood pressure; CAVI: cardio-ankle vascular index; Ave IMT and Max IMT: average and maximum intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery; NS: no significance. Model 1: tested by the Mann–Whitney U test; model 2: adjusted for %TFM; model 3: adjusted for %LFM; model 4: adjusted for %TFM and %LFM.
