Melatonin: An Anti-Tumor Agent in Hormone-Dependent Cancers

Table 3

Melatonin downregulated and/or inhibited molecular targets in breast, prostate, and ovary cancer. ¹: indirect effect on estradiol synthesis in adipocytes.

	Synthesis of sex steroids in gonads or tumoral tissues	Antiproliferation	Apoptosis	Cell cycle	Antiangiogenesis	Invasion-metastasis
Breast cancer	STS, 17b-HSD1, aromatase, (IL-6, IL-11, TNF-α)^1	MUC1, GATA3, c-myc, TGFα, ERα, cyclin D1, COX-2, AKT, PI3K, p300, NF-κB	NF-κB, Bcl-2, RAD51, DNA-PKcs, COX-2, AKT, PI3K, NF-κB p300,	Cyclin D1	VEGF, ANG-1, ANG-2	p38, MMP-2, MMP-9, pAKT, OCT4, Ncadherin, vimentin, RSK, β-catenin
Prostate cancer	StAR, cytochrome P450SCC, 3β-HSD, GATA-4, SF-1	AR, Sirt1, KLK2, KLK3, IGF1R, Ki-67, PCNA, BmalI, NF-Kb	NF-kB, Bcl-2, survivin	Cyclin D1	VEGF, HIF-1, HIF2, p70S6K, RPS6	KLK2, KLK3
Ovary cancer	Estradiol secretion stimulated/inhibited depending on the model	p38, pAKT, Her-2, mTOR, MyD88, interferon β, pERK, p90RSK, pHSP27, IRF3, Ki-67	NF-kB, TLR4, IKK-α, TRIF, Bcl-2, survivin	CDK2, CDK4	VEGF, VEGFR2	MyD88, TRAF6, IKKα, interferon β, ZEB1, ZEB2, snail, vimentin