Adiponectin and Leptin at Early Pregnancy: Association to Actual Glucose Disposal and Risk for GDM—A Prospective Cohort Study
Table 1
Characteristics and metabolic parameters at first assessment in normal glucose tolerant (NGT) pregnancies and women manifesting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
GDM
NGT
value
Age (years)
82
33.32 ± 4.5
138
31.51 ± 5.4
0.011
Gestational week of first testing
82
15.0 (13–18)
138
16.0 (14–18)
0.111
BMI at first visit (kg/m2)
82
30.31 ± 6.2
138
27.14 ± 5.3
<0.001
Pregestational BMI (kg/m2)
82
28.79 ± 5.7
138
25.68 ± 5.6
<0.001
FPG (mg/dl)
81
85.5 ± 10.4
138
77.85 ± 5.8
<0.001
Insulin (μU/ml)
81
4.91 (1.90–9.37)
137
3.64 (1.90–7.77)
0.248
C-peptide (ng/ml)
81
1.99 ± 1.37
137
1.53 ± 0.67
<0.001
HOMA
81
0.96 (0.44–2.00)
137
0.71 (0.37–1.47)
0.02884
Matsuda index
78
7.67 ± 4.72
121
10.16 ± 5.83
0.002
ISSI-2
78
2.32 ± 0.98
121
3.56 ± 1.28
<0.001
AUCInsulin/AUCGlucose
78
33.7 (21.9–49.9)
121
37.5 (26.9–58.6)
0.105
IGI
80
53.9 (30.4–80.8)
128
84.8 (53.5–144.3)
<0.001
Leptin (ng/ml)
81
93.4 ± 38.5
133
78.0 ± 39.2
0.005
Adiponectin (μg/ml)
71
8.50 ± 3.79
98
10.37 ± 4.39
0.004
Data represent means and standard deviations as well as medians and IQR. BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; ISSI 2: disposition index; area under the curve for glucose and insulin, respectively, measured during OGTT: AUCGlucose and AUCInsulin; IGI: insulinogenic index.
