Heart in Acromegaly: The Echocardiographic Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Acromegaly in Various Stages of the Disease

Table 2

Echocardiography parameters in patients with acromegaly versus the control group.

	Patients with acromegaly [N]	Control group [N]	value
Cardiac chamber size
LVEDd, mm	48.0 (24.0–63.0) [95]	47.0 (39.0–58.0) [52]	NS (0.07)
RVd-4CH, mm	35.0 (24.0–53.0) [132]	34.5 (26.0–47.0) [52]	NS (0.61)
LAVI, mL/m^2	41.4 (19.5–124.0) [133]	29.9 (15.9–53.3) [52]	< 0.001
LV/RV thickness; LV mass
IVS, mm	13.0 (8.0–19.0) [139]	10.0 (7.0–15.0) [52]	< 0.001
PW, mm	12.0 (7.0–18.0) [136]	10.0 (7.0–14.0) [52]	< 0.001
LVMI, g/m^2	133.5 (69.0–252.0) [140]	97.0 (44.0–163.0) [52]	< 0.001
RV free wall thickness, mm	6.0 (3.0–10.0) [130]	6.0 (4.0–10.0) [52]	NS (0.75)
Diastolic function
E’med., cm/s	6.5 (3.0–15.0) [140]	9.0 (5.0–18.0) [52]	< 0.001
E/E’	10.0 (5.0–27.0) [140]	8.0 (5.0–13.0) [52]	< 0.001
E/A	0.9 (0.5–1.8) [135]	1.2 (0.5–2.3) [52]	< 0.001
Systolic function
EF, % < 55, n	2/140	0/52
GLS, %	19.2 (8.4–27.1) [81]	20.7 (14.6–30.2) [51]	< 0.01
Ascending aorta
Ao asc., mm	33.0 (24.0–56.0) [114]	31.0 (25.0–43.0) [52]	< 0.01
Ao asc.index, mm/m^2	16.8 (12.2–25.3) [114]	15.5 (12.9–21.4) [52]	NS (0.05)
RVSP, mmHg > 35, n	26/140	2/52	< 0.05

Abbreviations: Ao asc.: ascending aorta; Ao asc.index: ascending aorta index; E/A: mitral E-wave velocity divided by mitral A-wave velocity; E/E: mitral E-wave velocity divided by mitral annular velocity; E’med.: early diastolic velocity of the septal mitral annulus assessed with tissue Doppler exam; EF: ejection fraction; GLS: global longitudinal strain; IVS: interventricular septal; LVEDd: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LAVI: left atrial volume index; LVMI: left ventricule mass index; PW: posterior wall; RVd-4CH: right ventricular dimension—4 chamber projection; RVSP: right ventricular systolic pressure.