Research Article
Free Testosterone Reflects Metabolic as well as Ovarian Disturbances in Subfertile Oligomenorrheic Women
Table 1
Biochemistry, hyperandrogenism, metabolic and ovarian parameters, and PCOS diagnosis for 66 women with oligomenorrhea.
| | Mean (SD) or (%) | Reference interval | Limit of quantification |
| | Age | 28.3 (3.0) | | | | Biochemistry | | Total T (ng/dL) | 46.5 (23.7) | ≤41 | 2.5 | | A4 (ng/dL) | 180 (90) | ≤240 | 2.5 | | Free T (ng/dL) | 0.57 (0.37) | ≤0.49 | | | SHBG (nmol/L) | 70.1 (32.6) | 41–103 | 2.0 | | E2 (ng/L) | 59.2 (50.6) | 15–350 | 1.3 | | E1 (ng/L) | 61.9 (33.4) | 17–200 | 1.2 | | LH (U/L) | 9.4 (4.8) | 2.4–12.6 | 0.1 | | FSH (U/L) | 5.8 (1.3) | 3.5–12.5 | 0.1 | | LH/FSH | 1.6 (0.9) | | | | DHEAS (μg/dL) | 212 (91) | 98.8–340 | 0.1 | | AMH (ng/mL) | 8.4 (5.4) | 1.0–9.5 | 0.03 | | Clinical hyperandrogenism | | Hirsutism score | 2.1 (2.4) | <3 | | | Having hirsutism | 21 (33%) | | | | Having acne | 28 (44%) | | | | Metabolic parameters | | BMI | 25.0 (5.2) | 18.5–24.9 | | | % normal BMI | 36 (54.6%) | | | | % overweight | 21 (31.8%) | | | | % obese | 9 (13.6%) | | | | Waist circumference (cm) | 86.4 (13.3) | <80 | | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.2 (15.7) | 80–110 | 2 | | Insulin (pmol/L) | 67.4 (40.6) | 17.8–173 | 0.3 | | HOMA-IR | 1.25 (0.74) | | | | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 174.6 (29.6) | ≤190 | 3.9 | | HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.0 (14.2) | ≥45 | 3.1 | | LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 104.6 (25.0) | ≤115 | | | Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 90.1 (50.2) | ≤150 | 8.8 | | Ovarian ultrasound parameters () | | Mean ovarian volume (mL) | 10.0 (4.1) | ≤10 | | | Mean number of antral follicles | 31.0 (14.8) | <12 | | | Follicle localization | | | | | Random | 29 (59%) | | | | Peripheral | 18 (37%) | | | | Random and peripheral | 2 (4%) | | | | Follicle size | | | | | Uniform | 16 (37%) | | | | Nonuniform | 27 (63%) | | | | % of women meeting PCOM criteria | 49 (92%) | | | | PCOS diagnosis () | | Having PCOS | 49 (92%) | | | | Oligomenorrhea + PCOM + high total T | 24 (49%) | | | | Oligomenorrhea + PCOM + normal total T | 25 (51%) | | |
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For ultrasound parameters and PCOS definition: 13 patients were additionally excluded (see Methods). Total T: total testosterone; A4: androstenedione; E2: estradiol; E1: estrone; free T: calculated free testosterone; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; DHEAS: dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate; AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone; BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; PCOM: polycystic ovary morphology.
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