Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Predict the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Mainland Chinese: A 3-Year Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants included in the follow-up study according to the presence of incident T2DM.
Characteristic
Incident T2DM at 3-year follow-up
No ()
Yes ()
value
Age (years)
43.21 ± 13.23
52.78 ± 12.72
<0.001
Gender, no. (%)
<0.001
Male
5087 (58.90%)
801 (72.88%)
Female
3549 (41.10%)
298 (27.12%)
BMI (kg/m2)
23.45 ± 3.16
25.33 ± 3.11
<0.001
Plasma glucose
FBG (mmol/L)
4.92 ± 0.50
5.29 ± 0.68
<0.001
PG2h (mmol/L)
6.51 ± 1.25
7.68 ± 1.37
<0.001
Blood pressure
Systolic (mm Hg)
116.33 ± 15.70
125.33 ± 16.97
<0.001
Diastolic (mm Hg)
77.52 ± 10.13
81.70 ± 10.56
<0.001
Pulse pressure (mm Hg)
38.81 ± 10.73
43.63 ± 12.66
<0.001
Lipid profile (mmol/L)
Total cholesterol
4.77 ± 0.82
5.23 ± 0.92
<0.001
HDL cholesterol
1.54 ± 0.36
1.46 ± 0.36
<0.001
LDL cholesterol
2.47 ± 0.65
2.74 ± 0.71
<0.001
Triglycerides
1.22 (0.86–1.78)
1.91 (1.35–2.73)
<0.001
Metabolic syndrome, no. (%)
429 (5.6)
457 (29.3)
<0.001
Overweight
2231 (29.95%)
483 (50.47%)
<0.001
IGR
1551 (17.96%)
625 (56.87%)
<0.001
FBG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L
212 (2.48%)
163 (14.87%)
<0.001
PG2h ≥ 7.8 mmol/L
1452 (16.81%)
598 (54.41%)
<0.001
Hypertension
1876 (23.45%)
490 (47.90%)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia
2556 (29.98%)
591 (54.07%)
<0.001
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L
2361 (27.70%)
655 (59.93%)
<0.001
Low HDLc
297 (3.76%)
63 (6.46%)
<0.001
Data are shown as means ± SD, median (interquartile range), or no (%). T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; IGR: impaired glucose regulation; FBG: fasting blood glucose; PG2h: 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose; TG: triglycerides; HDLc: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overweight: defined as BMI greater than 25.0 kg/m2; hypertension: defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive agents; low HDL cholesterol: defined as fasting HDL-C < 0.9 or <1.0 mmol/L in males and females, respectively. The number of participants for each category varies slightly due to occasional missing values.
