Intrapartum Results on Differing Degrees of Ketonuria in Nulliparous Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Spontaneous Labor
Table 2
Intrapartum characteristics of nulliparous women with spontaneous labor by ketonuria classification.
Characteristics
NG (−/±)
MG (+/++)
KG (+++/++++)
Overall value
Multiple comparison
Gestational age (weeks)
38.7 ± 1.2
38.9 ± 1.8
38.9 ± 0.9
0.277
—
Birth weight (grams)
3370 ± 396.2
3408 ± 388.5
3413 ± 359.9
0.460
—
Epidural analgesia, n (%)
182 (76.5)
137 (76.1)
116 (76.3)
0.997
—
Oxytocin use during labor, n (%)
25 (10.5)
38 (21.1)
40 (26.3)
<0.001
—
Maternal BSL at delivery (mmol/L)
6.67 ± 0.71
7.00 ± 0.47
7.13 ± 0.60
<0.001
NG < MG, TG
Neonatal BSL at delivery (mmol/L)
4.27 ± 0.57
3.77 ± 0.58
3.56 ± 0.64
<0.001
NG < MG < TG
Duration of labor (hours)
10.59 ± 4.88
11.29 ± 4.83
13.85 ± 4.97
<0.001
NG, MG < TG
Umbilical cord arterial pH
7.33 ± 0.06
7.31 ± 0.08
7.30 ± 0.73
0.008
NG < TG
Duration of ketonuria (hours)
—
2.87 ± 1.41
3.93 ± 1.54
<0.001
MG < TG
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Overall P values for continuous variables determined using ANOVA and for categorical variables determined using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Multiple comparisons among the three groups were calculated using post hoc analysis (Scheffe or Tamhane’s T2 test). NG: negative group; MG: moderate group; TG: ketosis group.