Research Article

Intrapartum Results on Differing Degrees of Ketonuria in Nulliparous Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Spontaneous Labor

Table 2

Intrapartum characteristics of nulliparous women with spontaneous labor by ketonuria classification.

CharacteristicsNG (−/±)MG (+/++)KG (+++/++++)Overall valueMultiple comparison

Gestational age (weeks)38.7 ± 1.238.9 ± 1.838.9 ± 0.90.277
Birth weight (grams)3370 ± 396.23408 ± 388.53413 ± 359.90.460
Epidural analgesia, n (%)182 (76.5)137 (76.1)116 (76.3)0.997
Oxytocin use during labor, n (%)25 (10.5)38 (21.1)40 (26.3)<0.001
Maternal BSL at delivery (mmol/L)6.67 ± 0.717.00 ± 0.477.13 ± 0.60<0.001NG < MG, TG
Neonatal BSL at delivery (mmol/L)4.27 ± 0.573.77 ± 0.583.56 ± 0.64<0.001NG < MG < TG
Duration of labor (hours)10.59 ± 4.8811.29 ± 4.8313.85 ± 4.97<0.001NG, MG < TG
Umbilical cord arterial pH7.33 ± 0.067.31 ± 0.087.30 ± 0.730.008NG < TG
Duration of ketonuria (hours)2.87 ± 1.413.93 ± 1.54<0.001MG < TG

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Overall P values for continuous variables determined using ANOVA and for categorical variables determined using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Multiple comparisons among the three groups were calculated using post hoc analysis (Scheffe or Tamhane’s T2 test). NG: negative group; MG: moderate group; TG: ketosis group.