Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients Uncontrolled on Metformin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Table 1

Characteristics of the trials and baseline of the enrolled participants.

	Rodbard [16]		Lingvay [17]		Jabbour [21]
	Oral semaglutide 14 mg/w	Oral Empagliflozin 25 mg/d	Subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg/w	Oral canagliflozin 300 mg/d	Subcutaneous exenatide 2 mg/w	Oral dapagliflozin 10 mg/d
Patients, n	411	410	394	394	227	230
Age (years), mean (SD)	57 (10)	58 (10)	55.7 (11.1)	57.5 (10.7)	54 (10)	55 (9)
Female, n (%)	205 (49.9)	201 (49.0)	171 (43%)	193 (49%)	111 (49%)	120 (52%)
Black, n (%)	26 (6.3)	33 (8.0)	28 (7%)	30 (8%)	27 (12%)	33 (14%)
White, n (%)	355 (86.4)	353 (86.1)	297 (75%)	290 (74%)	194 (85%)	189 (82%)
Asian, n (%)	28 (6.8)	21 (5.1)	62 (16%)	63 (16%)	1 (<1%)	1 (<1%)
Other, n (%)	2 (0.5)	3 (0.7)	7 (2%)	10 (3%)	5 (2%)	7 (3%)
Hispanic ethnic origin, n (%)	91 (22.1)	108 (26.3)	156 (40%)	137 (35%)	91 (40%)	85 (37%)
HbA1c (%), mean (SD)	8.1 (0.9)	8.1 (0.9)	8.3 (1.0)	8.2 (1.0)	9.3 (1.1)	9.3 (1.0)
FBG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	9.5 (2.3)	9.7 (2.5)	9.4 (2.7)	9.4 (2.6)	10.7 (2.8)	10.6 (2.6)
PBG(mmol/L), mean (SD)	—	—	2.1 (1.9)	2.2 (1.8)	—	—
Bodyweight (kg), mean (SD)	91.9 (20.5)	91.3 (20.1)	90.6 (22.6)	89.8 (22.6)	89.8 (20.2)	91.1 (19.7)
BMI (kg/m^2), mean (SD)	32.2 (6.8)	32.5 (6.9)	32.9 (6.3)	32.8 (5.9)	32.0 (5.9)	33.0 (6.1)
Diabetes duration (years), mean (SD)	7.2 (5.8)	7.7 (6.3)	7.5 (5.9)	7.2 (5.4)	7.4 (5.5)	7.1 (5.5)
Follow up (weeks), n	26, 52	—	52	—	28, 52	—

HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin, FBG: fasting blood glucose, PBG: postprandial blood glucose, BMI: body mass index.