Research Article
The Prevalence of Single and Multiple Thyroid Nodules and Its Association with Metabolic Diseases in Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Association between metabolic diseases and thyroid nodules analyzed by univariable logistic regression (N = 9146).
| | | Total | Male | Female | | TN (N, %) | NTN (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | value | TN (N, %) | NTN (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | value | TN (N, %) | NTN (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | value |
| | BMI (kg/m2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 18.5–23.9 | 1111 (33.0) | 2253 (67.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 433 (24.8) | 1316 (75.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 937 (58.0) | 678 (42.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | 24.0–27.9 | 1310 (32.7) | 2702 (67.3) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.73 | 811 (27.3) | 2161 (72.7) | 1.14 (1.00–1.31) | 0.06 | 541 (52.0) | 499 (48.0) | 1.28 (1.09–1.49) | <0.01 | | ≥28 | 540 (30.5) | 1230 (69.5) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.07 | 349 (25.0) | 1049 (75.0) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.89 | 181 (48.7) | 191 (51.3) | 1.46 (1.16–1.83) | <0.01 | | Hypertension | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 2151 (32.2) | 4530 (67.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1100 (25.9) | 3155 (74.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1051 (43.3) | 1375 (56.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Yes | 810 (32.9) | 1655 (67.1) | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 0.55 | 493 (26.4) | 1371 (73.6) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 0.63 | 317 (52.7) | 284 (47.3) | 1.46 (1.22–1.75) | <0.01 | | Central obesity (cm) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male <90; female <85 | 1679 (31.9) | 3586 (68.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 766 (24.5) | 2359 (75.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 913 (42.7) | 1227 (57.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Male ≥90; female ≥85 | 1282 (33.0) | 2599 (67.0) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.25 | 827 (27.6) | 2167 (72.4) | 1.18 (1.05–1.32) | 0.01 | 455 (51.3) | 432 (48.7) | 1.42 (1.21–1.66) | <0.01 | | High TG | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <1.73 | 1761 (34.2) | 3395 (65.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 757 (26.4) | 2111 (73.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1004 (43.9) | 1284 (56.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | ≥1.73 | 1200 (30.1) | 2790 (69.9) | 0.83 (0.76–0.91) | <0.01 | 836 (25.7) | 2415 (74.3) | 0.97 (0.86–1.08) | 0.55 | 364 (49.3) | 375 (50.7) | 1.24 (1.05–1.47) | 0.01 | | High TC (mmol/L) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <5.7 | 2185 (32.1) | 4624 (67.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1178 (26.2) | 3321 (73.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1007 (43.6) | 1303 (56.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | ≥5.7 | 776 (33.2) | 1561 (66.8) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.32 | 415 (25.6) | 1205 (74.4) | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 0.66 | 361 (50.3) | 356 (49.7) | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) | <0.01 | | Low HDL-C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ≥0.9 | 2815 (32.5) | 5834 (67.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1471 (26.0) | 4196 (74.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1344 (45.1) | 1638 (54.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | <0.9 | 146 (29.4) | 351 (70.6) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.14 | 122 (27.0) | 330 (73.0) | 1.06 (0.85–1.31) | 0.63 | 24 (53.3) | 21 (46.7) | 1.39 (0.77–2.51) | 0.27 | | High LDL-C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <3.1 | 2543 (32.2) | 5353 (67.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1358 (26.0) | 3873 (74.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1185 (44.5) | 1480 (55.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | ≥3.1 | 418 (33.4) | 832 (66.6) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 0.39 | 235 (26.5) | 653 (73.5) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 0.75 | 183 (50.6) | 179 (49.4) | 1.28 (1.03–1.59) | 0.03 | | DM (mmol/L) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Normal | 1567 (30.1) | 3638 (69.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 787 (23.5) | 2557 (76.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 780 (41.9) | 1081 (58.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | IGR | 852 (33.7) | 1674 (66.3) | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | <0.01 | 467 (26.9) | 1268 (73.1) | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 0.01 | 385 (48.7) | 406 (51.3) | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) | <0.01 | | DM | 542 (38.3) | 873 (61.7) | 1.44 (1.28–1.63) | <0.01 | 339 (32.6) | 701 (67.4) | 1.57 (1.35–1.83) | <0.01 | 203 (54.1) | 172 (45.9) | 1.64 (1.31–2.04) | <0.01 | | HUA (μmol/L) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male ≤420; female ≤350 | 2133 (33.6) | 4223 (66.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1012 (26.6) | 2798 (73.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1121 (44.0) | 1425 (56.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Male >420; female >350 | 828 (29.7) | 1962 (70.3) | 0.84 (0.76–0.92) | <0.01 | 581 (25.2) | 1728 (74.8) | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 0.23 | 247 (51.4) | 234 (48.6) | 1.34 (1.10–1.63) | <0.01 | | MS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 1949 (32.3) | 4092 (67.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 896 (25.0) | 2689 (75.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1053 (42.9) | 1403 (57.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Yes | 1012 (32.6) | 2093 (67.4) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 0.76 | 697 (27.5) | 1837 (72.5) | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 0.03 | 315 (55.2) | 256 (44.8) | 1.64 (1.37–1.97) | <0.01 | | Fatty liver | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 1838 (32.9) | 3746 (67.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 807 (25.4) | 2371 (74.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 1031 (42.9) | 1375 (57.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Yes | 1123 (31.5) | 2439 (68.5) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 0.17 | 786 (26.7) | 2155 (73.3) | 1.07 (0.96–1.20) | 0.24 | 337 (54.3) | 284 (45.7) | 1.58 (1.33–1.89) | <0.01 |
|
|
Note: TN: thyroid nodules; BMI: body mass index; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IGR: sugar adjustment; DM: diabetes mellitus; HUA: hyperuricemia; MS: metabolic syndrome.
|
