Research Article
Haptoglobin Phenotypes Are Associated with the Postload Glucose and Insulin Levels in Pediatric Obesity
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the sample.
| | | All | Prepubertal | Pubertal | value |
| | Subjects | 192 | 60 | 132 | ns | | Sex (M/F) | 92/100 | 33/27 | 59/73 | ns | | Age (years) | 11.5 ± 2.8 | 8.6 ± 1.8 | 12.8 ± 2.2 | <0.0001 | | Height (cm) | 150.2 ± 14.7 | 135.0 ± 10.8 | 157.2 ± 10.12 | ns | | Weight (kg) | 65.1 ± 21.5 | 49.5 ± 13.4 | 76.9 ± 16.6 | <0.0001 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 29.6 ± 4.8 | 26.8 ± 3.5 | 30.9 ± 4.8 | <0.0001 | | BMI z-score (kg/m2) | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | ns | | Waist circumference (cm) | 92.4 ± 13.1 | 82.9 ± 10.6 | 96.8 ± 11.8 | <0.0001 | | SBP (mmHg) | 126.9 ± 18.4 | 119.3 ± 14.3 | 130.4 ± 19.0 | <0.0001 | | DBP (mmHg) | 82.0 ± 11.3 | 77.5 ± 10.5 | 84.1 ± 11.1 | <0.0001 | | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 142.2 ± 25.1 | 145.2 ± 26.7 | 140.8 ± 24.3 | ns | | LDL-c (mg/dL) | 84.2 ± 21.6 | 86.0 ± 22.8 | 83.5 ± 21.0 | ns | | HDL-c (mg/dL) | 41.2 ± 9.7 | 43.2 ± 9.6 | 40.3 ± 9.6 | <0.01 | | HDL-cholesterol ≤ 40 (mg/dL) | 92 (47.9%) | 25 (13.0%) | 67 (34.9%) | ns | | Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 83.2 ± 44.8 | 77.5 ± 39.4 | 85.8 ± 47.0 | ns | | Triglycerides ≥ 150 (mg/dL) | 14 (7.3%) | 4 (2.1%) | 10 (5.2%) | ns | | GlcT0' (mg/dL) | 88.8 ± 7.2 | 87.2 ± 7.5 | 89.6 ± 7.0 | <0.02 | | GlcT120' (mg/dL) | 111.8 ± 18.9 | 108.4 ± 14.1 | 113.2 ± 20.5 | ns | | InsT0' (mUI/L) | 19.2 ± 12.5 | 15.2 ± 10.0 | 21.0 ± 13.1 | <0.0001 | | InsT120' (mUI/L) | 96.4 ± 110.9 | 80.6 ± 114.5 | 103.0 ± 109.7 | <0.01 | | IFG | 14 (7.3%) | 3 (1.5%) | 11 (5.8%) | ns | | IGT | 16 (8.3%) | 1 (0.5%) | 15 (7.8%) | <0.02 | | HOMA-IR | 4.3 ± 2.9 | 3.3 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 3.1 | <0.0001 | | ISI | 3.72 ± 2.99 | 4.35 ± 3.00 | 3.47 ± 2.98 | <0.01 | | QUICKI | 0.323 ± 0.043 | 0.332 ± 0.033 | 0.318 ± 0.046 | <0.0001 | | Haptoglobin (mg/dL) | 104.8 ± 41.5 | 106.4 ± 33.4 | 104.1 ± 44.4 | ns | | Hp phenotype 1-1 | 26 (13.6%) | 10 (38.5%) | 16 (61.5%) | ns | | Hp phenotype 1-2 | 97 (50.8%) | 31 (32.0%) | 66 (68.0%) | | | Hp phenotype 2-2 | 68 (35.6%) | 19 (27.9%) | 49 (72.1%) | |
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All data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation) or percentage. BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; F: female; GlcT0': fasting glucose; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; InsT0': fasting insulin; ISI: insulin sensitivity index; Hp: haptoglobin; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; M: male; ns: not significant; QUICKI: Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
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