Characterization of Mineral and Bone Metabolism Biomarkers in a Chinese Consanguineous Twin Family with Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy

Table 1

Basic information and biomarkers for mineral and bone metabolism of all members in the twin family.

No.	Sex	Age (y)	Ca (mmol/L)	P (mmol/L)	PTH (pg/ml)	25(OH)D (nmol/L)	BGP (ng/ml)	β-CTX (pg/ml)	Uca/Ucr (mmol/mmol)
III-1	M	64	2.08	1.19	31.80	53.77^∆	11.67	379.3	0.23
III-2	F	66	2.24	1.28	42.20	72.25^∆	12.44	566.3	0.47
III-3	M	64	2.12	1.10	22.40	56.85^∆	13.40	278.1	0.19
III-4	F	63	2.14	1.22	29.40	43.88^‡	10.44^↓	469.6	0.27
IV-1	M	42	2.20	1.41	35.60	57.00^∆	22.52	387.8	0.20
IV-2	M	43	2.09	1.19	32.60	71.67^∆	14.40	378.1	0.11
IV-3	M	44	2.10	1.33	40.20	57.83^∆	11.98	281.0	0.15
IV-4	F	44	2.05	1.09	18.20	61.58^∆	10.99↓	214.4	0.34
IV-5	F	42	2.13	1.32	36.00	58.25^∆	13.93	209.6	0.12
IV-6	F	41	2.04	1.22	39.80	68.17^∆	13.54	296.8	0.14
IV-7	M	41	2.20	1.07	20.10	57.42^∆	13.71	330.4	0.21
V-3	M	18	2.13	1.52	51.70	37.10^‡	225.50^↑	4112.0^↑	0.63^↑
^#V-4	M	18	2.14	1.24	39.00	67.29^∆	37.77	901.0↑	0.23

Proband; ^#proband’s twin brother, ^‡25(OH)D deficiency; ^∆25(OH)D insufficiency. Abbreviations: Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; PTH, parathyroid hormone; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BGP, bone Gla-protein; β-CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; Uca/Ucr, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. Reference range: Ca, 2.03–2.54 mmol/L; P, 0.87–1.45 mmol/L; PTH, 15–65 pg/ml; 25(OH)D, <50 nmol/L, deficiency; 50–75 nmol/L, insufficiency; >75 nmol/L, normal range; BGP, 11–43 ng/ml; β-CTX, before menopause, 30–573 pg/ml; postmenopause, 104–1008 pg/ml.