Research Article
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Characteristics and Perinatal Outcomes in a Multiethnic Population of North Italy
Table 4
Peripartum and newborn characteristics and differences among groups according to the area of origin.
| | Variables | Total (N = 586) | Area of origin | | Italy (N = 333) | East Europe (N = 52) | Central Asia (N = 86) | Cina and Mongolia (N = 13) | North Africa (N = 61) | Central Africa (N = 18) | South America (N = 19) | Other (N = 4) | value |
| | Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.4 ± 1.4 | 38.4 ± 1.5 | 38.7 ± 1.7 | 38.4 ± 1.3 | 38.0 ± 2.5 | 38.5 ± 1.4 | 38.2 ± 1.0 | 38.2 ± 1.2 | 38.0 ± 1.4 | 0.84 |
| Type of delivery
Data available for 331 pt | Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 213 (64.4%) | 106 (59.9%) | 21 (67.7%) | 37 (71.1%) | 3 (60.0%) | 29 (78.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | 8 (57.2%) | 2 | 0.37 | | Vaginal delivery with forceps or suction cup | 10 (3.0%) | 5 (2.8%) | 1 (3.2%) | 3 (5.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.71 | | Scheduled caesarean delivery | 57 (17.2%) | 35 (19.8%) | 6 (19.4%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (10.8%) | 3 (25.0%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0 | 0.12 | | Urgent caesarean delivery | 51 (15.4%) | 31 (17.5%) | 3 (9.7%) | 8 (15.4%) | 2 (40.0%) | 4 (10.8%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0 | 0.54 |
| Presentation
Data available for 331 pt | Vertex | 310 (93.7%) | 164 (92.7%) | 30 (96.8%) | 49 (92.5%) | 4 (80.0%) | 36 (97.3%) | 13 (100%) | 13 (92.9%) | 2 | 0.65 | | Podex | 21 (6.3%) | 13 (7.3%) | 1 (3.2%) | 4 (7.5%) | 1 (20.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0 |
| Dystocia
Data available for 331 pt | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.11 |
| Vitality
Data available for 331 pt | Born alive | 329 (99.7%) | 177 (100%) | 31 (100%) | 52 (98.1%) | 5 (100%) | 36 (100%) | 12 (100%) | 14 (100%) | 2 | 0.52 | | Stillborn | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 |
| 1 min APGAR
Data available for 329 pt | 7–10 | 305 (92.7%) | 166 (93.8%) | 25 (80.7%) | 47 (90.4%) | 5 (100%) | 34 (94.4%) | 12 (100%) | 14 (100%) | 2 | 0.13 | | 4–6 | 16 (4.9%) | 7 (3.9%) | 5 (16.1%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.11 | | 0–3 | 8 (2.4%) | 4 (2.3%) | 1 (3.2%) | 3 (5.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.65 |
| 5 min APGAR
Data available for 329 pt | 7–10 | 323 (98.2%) | 174 (98.3%) | 30 (96.8%) | 50 (96.2%) | 5 (100%) | 36 (0.0%) | 12 (100%) | 14 (100%) | 2 | 0.84 | | 4–6 | 5 (1.5%) | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (3.2%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.72 | | 0–3 | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.99 |
| Meconium
Data available for 330 pt | 69 (20.9%) | 37 (20.9%) | 7 (22.6%) | 12 (22.6%) | 2 (40.0%) | 5 (13.9%) | 2 (16.7%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0 | 0.82 |
| Malformations
Data available for 330 pt | 4 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 0.82 |
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, , , and . Significant differences are shown in bold. |
